如何做好英语短文改错

- 2 - (2)错词，这是一个比较复杂的问题，由于类型多，难以列举详尽。学生在平时的英语写作中容易犯的错误，几乎都可能成为改错的内容。它包括冠词的用法、名词的数和格、动词的时态和语态、介词、连词、形容词和副词的级、习惯用法、上下文的逻辑关系、用词的准确性等。这就要求学生运用所学的知识，借助于经验和语感，作出正确的判断。 (3)在有错误的行中，每行只会有一处错误，这是一个比较复杂的问题，难以列举详尽。所以解题 时要特别细心谨慎，在每行中找出一个真正的错误，切不可草率定论。假如你的答案中有3—4个名词的错误，那么你就得认真检查这几行，很可能有些行中不属于名词的错误，而是其他错误。常见的用词错误有以下三种：①拼写错误；②语法错误，主要是名词或代词的单复数、词性、时态、语态、搭配、比较等级、同义词用法以及主谓语不一致等方面的错误；③语意、行文逻辑错误。 (二)高考短文改错一般在以下八个方面进行出题。 1．动词 (1)主要考察能力：时态和语态、主谓是否一致、固定搭配。 (2)出题形式： ①时态混用：When he gets home，he saw the animal waiting at the door，still wearing his jacket with the wallet in the pocket．(gets改为got) ②语态误用：The bike outside my house is belonged to Tom．(is删掉) ③主谓不一致：Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish．(wish改为wishes) ④固定搭配：I have given up smoke．The dog doesn’t like the smell．(smoke改为smoking) 2．名词 (1)主要考察单复数混用、可数名词与不可数名词混用、同义词和反义词的混用、用于固定词组 中的一些名词的用法。 (2)出题形式： ①单复数混用：They have all sorts of course．I’m sure you will find one you like．(course改为courses) ②可数名词与不可数名词误用：The book will give you all the informations you need．(informations改为information) ③固定词组的名词用法：He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests．(ideas改为idea) ④同义词的误用：They did not want me to do any work at family．(family改为home) 3．形容词／副词 (1)主要考察两者之间是否混用，以及比较级和最高级的使用。 (2)出题形式： 形容词与副词混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词，该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。 ①副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中：During the football season，Helen is much busier than usually．(usually—usual) ②形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中：We can hear birds singing happy all around．(happy改为happily) ③修饰整个句子用副词：Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family．(Unfortunate改为Unfortunately) ④比较级的使用：The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon

- 3 - light．(1ight改为lighter) 4．介词 (1)主要考察(特别是与动词的)固定搭配。 (2)出题形式： ①介词省略：I’m sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster．(get rid of是固定搭配，意思为“摆脱，除去”) ②介词多余：My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking．(because of与because用法的辨别区分。前者不能接句子，而后者充当连词可以接句子。所以应该把《去掉。) ③介词用错(一般为固定搭配)：I picked out her false hair and said，“Don’t be sad，Miss．”(picked out应该为picked up。pick out挑选的意思；pick up捡起的意思。) 5．连词 主要考察前后两句话之间的衔接关系。常考三种关系：but转折，and并列，because原因。 ①One day，my wife and l went shopping at a store．We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy．(but改为because／as／for。) ②Chatting on line，students can more freely express their feelings and opinions，but improve their English by talking with native speakers．(but改为and)． ③If heating，water can be changed into steam．(heating应该用heated．) 见有特殊动词或句型，查句子的语气是否有错误。 ④He ordered that the work must be started at once．[解析]order，demand，require，request，insist，propose，advise，suggest等动词的宾语从句，常用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”。 ⑤It is high time that you go to sch001．[解析]It is(high)time„后接谓语动词是过去式的从句或should+动词原形，所以go应改为went． 6．句式 (1)主要考察that与what或which／how与what之间的转换。 (2)出题形式：①She never has enough time for that she wants to do．(that改为what。)注意：这一形式是改错常考点。@We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area．(which改为what) 7．冠词 (1)主要考察句中冠词是否多余。 (2)出题形式： ①冠词多余：Every kind of the Chinese food is worth trying．(去掉the) ②冠词遗漏：I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home(had a pleasant journey) 8．代词 (1)主要考察代词是否多余，以及与反身代词之间的混用；“it”一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中 或作形式主语或宾语)． (2)出题形式： ①代词多余：Don’t lose your heart．with the help of the people all over the world．I’m sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness．(1ose heart：泄气；丧失勇气；而lose one’s heart to sb．/sth．：爱上；钟情于。原文意思很明显是“别泄气”。所以应该把your去掉。一字之差，离题千里)。