推荐回答(2个)
细心的小伙伴也许发现一个特点,日系车尤其钟爱CVT变速箱,特别是本田和日产,它们旗下的车型几乎都装配了CVT,丰田也是它的头号“死忠粉”。
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可以说,除了偏执的马自达外,你几乎可以在三大日系车企中找到心仪的CVT车型。那问题来了,丰田、本田、日产这三家谁的CVT技术更强呢?
科技树点的路线各不一样
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开局先科普一下CVT变速器的工作原理,它的传动机构主要由主动轮、从动轮、钢带三者构成,通过油压将钢带固定于主从、动轮上,通过钢带与带轮之间的压紧力传送动力,从使传动比在一定范围内连续变化。不过由于各品牌间企业文化不同,其CVT的科技树点的路线也各不一样。
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丰田的CVT注重省油
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丰田的CVT为CVTEC生产,而CVTEC又是爱信的独资品牌。众所周知,爱信是丰田御用变速箱公司,所以丰田的CVT属于自产自销,节省了不少成本,除此之外,丰田汽车的电子零件,以及其它配件都是旗下品牌生产的,丰田这波可谓是把“成本杀手”做到了极致。
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本着“省钱”这个品牌调性,丰田的CVT自然注重燃油经济性,比如S-CVT变速箱,除了可模拟10速外,它还使用同轴双排出口油泵技术,可让变速箱在不同工作负荷下使用不同的油道,以降低油泵的能量损失达到节油目的。
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此外,丰田新款的Direct Shift-CVT也同样值得夸,它在CVT的基础上增加一组“起步齿轮”,在车辆起步的时候,齿轮组作为1档传动,而车速起来后再由钢带传动。这样好处就是车辆起步时,动力响应更快,传动效率更高,同时也规避掉了起步时的瞬间扭矩输出给钢带造成的损耗。
本田的CVT侧重加速性能
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本田除了捣弄发动机利害之外,它其实在造变速箱上也照样有两把刷子。向来“理工男”做派的本田,上来就着手CVT传动钢带的自主研发,因为正如CPU决定电脑的运行速度一样,钢带决定着CVT变速箱的性能。而在攻克一系列难题后,本田于2001年9月独立开发成功,成为世界上唯一一家能自我供应CVT钢带的整车生产商。
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由于本田的发动机几乎都是“红区战神”,为了配合其高转速输出特性,本田的CVT采用了“G-Design Shift”控制技术,按照本田官方的说法:它是通过优化变矩器和CVT连接,再搭配宽齿轮比、精准液压控制技术,从而提升了传动效率。
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不过这台变速箱也有个缺点,就是它会漏油,而且这个漏油不是密封垫的问题,是变速箱容易异常高温导致油压增大从透气孔漏出来。这大概率是先天的缺陷,不过这对本田这种理工男来说是小case,后期这个问题会得到解决的。
日产的CTV技术最前沿
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日产无疑是三大日系厂中,对CVT变速箱最虔诚的了。除了GTR和途达外,日产旗下的几乎所有车型,还有旗下高端品牌英菲尼迪的部分车型都装备了CVT变速箱。可以说,日产是把全部身家性命都赌在CVT上了。
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所以给日产供货的CVT厂商自然也不简单,它就是日本的捷特科(JATCO),全球最大无级变速厂家,最大扭矩CVT世界纪录保持者,而日产就是它的最大股东(控股75%)。
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而这家公司对CVT的奇思妙想也是特别多,比如CVT7系列变速箱,它用一组行星齿轮组,实现了2个低速挡和1个倒挡的功能,从而提高低速时的传动效率,它和丰田的Direct Shift-CVT有点像,但是它比丰田早9年。
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在CVT8系列上,它采用新型的推力式钢带,在500个推片中,有60%是经过重新设计,传递更大的扭矩,可以适配2.0L到3.5L的车子250Nm和380Nm的扭矩。账面数据秒杀一众,可以说是CVT之王了。
写在最后
总的来说,日系三强CVT各有来头,丰田省油,本田运动,日产技术前沿。那为啥日系车企都特别钟爱CVT变速箱呢?其实因为它除了成本更低外,丝般顺滑的动力传输满足了日系车所追求的宛如大沙发一般的驾乘感受,因为对于岛国日本来说,节油和舒适是更现实的需求,高速公路限速也在100km/h,大量的市区和非高速行驶,CVT也就成了最佳的选择。
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好嘞!这次就说到这了,如果你还想CVT变速箱怎么开才不容易坏,也欢迎留言讨论,咱们下期就来科普CVT正确的开车姿势~
本文来源于汽车之家车家号作者,不代表汽车之家的观点立场。
都是CVT变速箱,本田、丰田和日产的有什么区别?看完清楚了
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