推荐回答(3个)
急性胃炎大多因饮食不当,如暴饮暴食或酗酒(特别是烈性酒)或摄入不洁食物而引起,一般在食后的24小时内发病。病人有上腹部疼痛、腹胀,重者可有发热、失水,甚或酸中毒而休克。 发现此病后,在短期内应给病人禁食或给予流质饮食,并按医嘱及时用药。一般选用黄连素0.3克,一日3次;或氟哌酸0.2克,一日3次;庆大霉素8万单位,肌肉注射,一日2次。胃痛剧烈,可口服镇痛药,如阿托品0.3毫克或颠茄合剂10毫升,一日3次。有呕吐者,可服灭吐灵10毫克。 如呕吐频繁,且有脱水时,应去医院静脉输液,补充水分和营养。 病愈后,要养成良好的饮食习惯,切勿再暴饮暴食,要节制饮酒,不吃对胃有刺激的或不新鲜的食物。 急性胃炎 急性胃炎指各种原因所致的急性胃粘膜炎性病变。可分成单纯性、腐蚀性、感染性、化脓性和出血糜烂性胃炎五种。 (1)分类及临床表现 急性单纯性胃炎:多由外源性刺激因子所引起,如各种理化刺激,微生物感染或细菌毒素污染食物等。患者可有腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻。严重者可有发热、失水、酸中毒,甚至休克,偶有呕血或黑便。上腹部及脐周轻度压痛、肠鸣音亢进。病程短,数天内即可好转。 腐蚀性胃炎:本病系由吞服或误服强酸、强碱或其它腐蚀剂引起急性胃粘膜糜烂所致。最早可出现口腔、咽喉、胸外及中上腹部剧痛,常伴有吞咽疼痛,咽下困难、恶心和呕吐,严重者可致呕血、急性食管或胃穿孔和急性腹膜炎,并可出现虚脱和休克。急性期后,可逐渐形成食管、贲门或幽门的瘢痕性狭窄和萎缩性胃炎。 感染性胃炎:多种全身性急性感染,均可致血源性感染性胃炎,患者常有食欲减退、恶心、呕吐等症。 化脓性胃炎:本病少见。症状多极严重,可有高热、寒颤,上腹部剧痛,并可有上腹部肌肉紧张和明显压痛等急性腹腔炎症的表现。 出血性糜烂性胃炎:本病亦称急性胃粘膜出血或急性胃粘膜病变。上消化道出血为其主要临床表现。病人多有呕血和黑粪,且呕血较黑粪多见。出血呈间歇性发作。 (2)理化检查 胃镜检查可见胃粘膜出血和糜烂性病变。胃镜检查可在出血后24-48小时内进行。 (3)治疗 西医治疗 应立即去除诱因,积极止血和纠正出血性休克。甲氰咪胍口服或静脉滴注有良好的止血效果。出血量大而致血压下降者,应立即补液输血。反复大量出血而内科治疗无效者可行外科手术治疗,但效果多不理想,死亡率也较高。 中医治疗 针灸:内关、中脘、足三里等穴位,适用于各种胃脘痛。暴痛实征用泻法,久痛虚征用补法。 艾灸:中皖,足三里、神厥,适用于虚寒性胃痛。 单验方 橘皮3克,白米一小蛇,水煎,姜汁冲服,适用于胃炎呕吐。 豆蔻15克、生姜汁一匙,将豆蔻研末,用生姜汁为丸,每服l-3克。适用于胃寒呕吐。 (4)护理 急性胃炎患者须及早治疗。轻症者,禁食1-2餐,呕吐频繁或病情较重时,应禁食1-2日,给予糖盐水,以补充营养和水份,病情好转后给予流质饮食,逐渐恢复正常饮食。急性腐蚀性胃炎者饮蛋白清、禁食、禁洗胃。视患者失水的程度,确定其补液量。补液时需严密观察患者尿量,皮肤弹性,呼吸深度以及肺部情况。同时需注意患者体温、脉搏、血压、吐物、泻物。如疑为食物中毒者,应收集排泄物,以鉴定毒物的性质。 (5)预防 加强饮食卫生管理,消灭苍蝇、注解个人卫生、勿暴饮暴食和慎用损害胃粘膜的药物。
急性胃炎:引起急性胃炎的原因多种多样,可由病原微生物及其毒素,如沙门氏菌属、嗜盐菌感染等。物理性因素,如进食过快或食入过烫、过冷的食物等。化学性因素,如误入强酸、强碱、高浓度的水杨酸盐类、金霉素、氯化铵、大量饮酒等。以上各因素均可引起急性胃炎。 第一:药物:非甾体抗炎药如阿司匹林、吲哚美辛;抗肿瘤药物、口服氯化钾或铁剂。第二:应激:严重创伤、大手术、大面积烧伤、颅内病变、败血症及其他严重脏器病变或多器官功能衰均可引起第三:乙醇以上三点都可以造成急性胃炎
急性胃炎主要是指因食物中毒、化学品或药品刺激、严重感染等引起的胃粘膜急性病变。
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