蓝鲸的资料 英文版

蓝鲸不但是最大的鲸类，而且比地球上曾经生活的最大的恐龙震龙（震龙，它的身长有39至52米！身高可以达到18米.体重达到130吨.）还要大，是目前人们所知道的自古至今所有动物中体型最大的，一般体长为2400-3400厘米，体重为150，000-200，1000千克，也就是说，它的体重相当于25只以上的非洲象，或者2000-3000个人的重量的总和。所幸的是，由于海洋浮力的作用，它不需要像陆生动物那样费力地支撑自己的体重，另外庞大的身躯还有助于保持恒定的体温。蓝鲸全身体表均呈淡蓝色或鼠灰色，背部有淡色的细碎斑纹，胸部有白色的斑点，褶沟在20条以上，腹部也布满褶皱，长达脐部，并带有赭石色的黄斑。雌兽在生殖孔两侧有乳沟，内有细长的乳头。头相对较小而扁平，有2个喷气孔，位于头的顶上，吻宽，口大，嘴里没有牙齿，上颌宽，向上凸起呈弧形，生有黑色的须板，每侧多达300-400枚，长90-110厘米，宽50-60厘米。在耳膜内每年都积存有很多蜡，根据蜡的厚度，可以判断它的年龄。在它的上颌部还有一块白色的胼胝，曾经是生长毛发的地方，后来，毛发都退化了，就留下一块疣状的赘生物，成了寄生虫的滋生地。由于这块胼胝在每个个体上都不相同，就像是戴着不同形状的“帽子”，所以可以据此区分不同的个体。背鳍特别短小，其长度不及体长的1.5%，鳍肢也不算太长，约为4米左右，具4趾，其后缘没有波浪状的缺刻，尾巴宽阔而平扁。整个身体呈流线形，看起来很像一把剃刀，所以又被称为“剃刀鲸”。
蓝鲸的身躯是如此的巨大，以致于一条舌头就有2000千克，头骨有3000千克，肝脏有1000千克，心脏有500千克，血液循环量达8000千克，雄兽的睾丸也有45千克。如果把它的肠子拉直，足有200-300米，血管粗得足以装下一个小孩，脏壁厚达60多厘米，雄兽的阴茎长达3米。它的力量也大得惊人，所发出的功率约为1500-1700马力，堪称是动物世界中当之无愧的大力士。
蓝鲸分布于从南极到北极之间的南北两半球各大海洋中，尤以接近南极附近的海洋中数量较多，但热带水域较为少见。在我国见于黄海、东海、南海，包括台湾南部及西南部水域。尽管体型巨大，平时行动缓慢，常常静止不动，却能在水中沉浮自如，尾巴灵活地摆动，既是前进的动力，也起着舵的作用，前进的时速高达28公里。
蓝鲸栖息的海湾大多由陆地的河水中冲入了极为丰富的有机质，使水质十分肥沃，促进了浮游生物的大量繁殖。而密集的浮游生物，又引来了身体闪耀着钻蓝色光芒的大群磷虾。不可思议的是，蓝鲸这种超大型的动物竟然就是以鳞虾这种微小的动物为主要食料的。它的胃分成四个，第一胃为食道部分膨大而变成的，所以胃口极大，一次可以吞食磷虾200万只，每天要吃掉4000-8000千克，如果腹中的食物少于2000千克，就会有饥饿的感觉。磷虾是全世界数量最多的动物，广泛分布于南北极海区，正是由于如此丰富的食物，而且生活在水里没有支持体重的限制，所以蓝鲸才能发育得这样巨大。它每天都用大部分时间张开大口游弋于稠密的浮游生物丛中，嘴巴上的两排板状的须像筛子一样，肚子里还有很多像手风琴的风箱一样的褶皱，能扩大又能缩小，这样它就可以将海水和磷虾一齐吞下，然后嘴巴一闭，使海水从须缝里排出，滤下小虾小鱼，吞而食之。蓝鲸的食物还有其他虾类、小鱼、水母、硅藻，以及各种浮游生物等，相形之下，生活在北方海域的蓝鲸，体型比生活于南极附近水域的要小，一般认为这与其食物的种类和数量有着密切的关系。
蓝鲸虽然生活在大海里，但也同其他哺乳动物一样，用肺进行呼吸，肺的重量达1000多千克，能容纳1000多公升的空气。这样大的肺容量，使它呼吸的次数大大减少，大约每隔10-15分钟才露出水面呼吸一次。呼吸时先将肺内的二氧化碳等废气从鼻孔逐出体外，然后再吸进新鲜氧气。每当它的头部露出水面呼吸时，先将体内的二氧化碳等废气逐出体外，这股强有力的灼热气流冲出鼻孔时，喷射的高度可达10米左右，并把附近的海水也一起卷出海面，使蓝色的海面上出现了一股蔚为壮观的水柱，远远望去，宛如一股海上喷泉，同时还发出犹如火车的气笛一般响亮的声音，人们称之为“喷潮”。人们可以根据蓝鲸喷气时发出的声音、喷潮的高度和形状，来确定它的位置。蓝鲸生活在各大洋中。我国海域极为少看到,黄海和南海曾有出现过蓝鲸的记录,一般不超过100米。但有的个体可潜至500米深,潜水时间可持续10～20分钟,随后是连续8～15次喷气,喷出的水柱可高达9.1米。
一般鲸类在潜水之前是不会升起尾巴的，但蓝鲸在潜水之前总是将尾巴露出水面，有时竟高高地跃出水面，然后迅速潜入30-40米的水中去寻觅食物。平时它也喜欢用尾鳍打水，这是一种有着多种用途和多种目的的消遣，可能是在做游戏，也可能是为了引起同伴的注意，或许是为了摆脱皮肤上的寄生虫的骚扰。
虽然有人曾见到50-60只蓝鲸成群活动，但一般很少结成群体，大多数是孤独的，或仅有2-3只在一起活动。双栖的蓝鲸彼此十分和睦，一起游泳、潜水、觅食和呼吸，宛如鸳鸯，形影不离，身后常常留下一条宽宽的水道。3只在一起的蓝鲸，大多为雌兽和一只幼仔鲸紧靠在一起，雄兽尾随其后，相距大约3米左右。
蓝鲸在冬季繁殖，雌兽一般每2年生育一次，怀孕期为10-12个月，每胎只产1仔。刚出生的幼仔体长就达6-8米，体重约为6000千克，为了防止窒息而死，雌兽要将幼仔托出水面呼吸第一口空气，以后它就能自己呼吸了。雌兽的一对乳头长在生殖孔的两侧，哺乳的时候游在海水的上层，幼仔则紧跟在雌兽后方的下面，因为幼仔没有能动的嘴唇，不能自己衔着乳头吮乳汁，雌兽就凭借肌肉的收缩，将乳汁直接喷射到幼仔的嘴里，这也是它对水中主活的一种很好的适应。蓝鲸乳汁中的营养十分丰富，其中脂肪的含量是牛乳的10倍，而幼仔每天吸食的乳汁在1000千克以上，所以发育得很快，8个月以后，可增加到15米，体重增长到23，000千克，可以自己张嘴吃各种浮游生物了。到了2岁半至3岁时，体长即可超过20米。性成熟的年龄约为8一10岁，寿命一般都在50岁以上，最多可以活到90-100岁。
在所有动物中, 蓝鲸发出的声音最大,.蓝鲸在与伙伴联络时使用一种低频率,震耳欲聋的声音。这种声音有时能超过180分贝,比你站在跑道上所听到的喷气式飞机起飞时发出的声音还要大,灵敏的仪器曾在80千米经外探测到蓝鲸的声音。
蓝鲸在分类学上隶属于哺乳纲、鲸目、长须鲸科、长须鲸属。由于多年来世界各国在各大海洋中竞相猎捕，现在体长在25米以上的蓝鲸已经很少见了。另外，鳞虾的大量捕捞，也使蓝鲸的觅食活动受到了很大的影响。据统计，半个世纪以前，全世界的蓝鲸大约还有30万只之多，到1974年尚有25000只，而现在仅剩有大约2000只了。尽管自1932年以来，国际上就已经对每年捕杀蓝鲸的数量作了限制，但是这种世界上最大动物的前景仍然十分危险！
The largest blue whale is not only whales, but once on the Earth than the biggest dinosaur life long shock (shock lung, and its length there is 39-52 meters! Height can reach 18 meters. Weight reached 130 tons.

Every year, within the eardrum has a lot of wax accumulation, according to the thickness of wax, you can determine its age. Department in its upper jaw have a piece of the corpus callosum and white, are the growth of hair once the place, then, are the degradation of the hair on the left of a verrucous vegetation has become a breeding ground for parasites. This because of the corpus callosum in each individual and not on the same, just different shapes are wearing the "hat", which therefore can distinguish between different individuals.

) But also large, is known since ancient times has been the largest of all animals, and in general for the 2400-3400 cm body length, weight of 1000 grams 150,000-200,1000, that is, its weight is equivalent to 25 more than the African elephant, or the weight of 2000-3000 the sum of the individual. Fortunately, because of the role of marine buoyancy, it does not need as easily as land animals to support their own weight, and also a huge help to maintain a constant body temperature.

Special short dorsal fin, its length less than 1.5% of body length, flipper is very short, about 4 meters, with 4 toes, later fate of the missing have not carved wavy, wide, flat tail flat. Streamline the entire body was, seems like a razor, so it was called the "razorback."

Blue Whale呈淡general body surface are blue or gray rat, back there is fine pale stripe, white chest spot, 20-fold more than in the ditch, also covered with abdominal fold, as long umbilical, with ocher color macular.雌兽there is cleavage at both sides of the gonopore, which has long nipples. Head relatively small and flat, has two fumaroles, located on top of the head, kissed wide mouth, and mouth without any teeth, maxillary width, convex curved upward, the Health and have to have a black board, many on each side pieces of 300-400, 90-110 cm long, 50-60 cm wide.

Blue whale habitat of the Gulf most of the rivers from the land into an extremely rich in organic matter, so that water quality is very fertile, and promoted a large number of breeding plankton. The plankton-intensive, it has given rise to a body radiates with blue light of the large number of drilling krill. Inconceivable that such a large blue whale is the animal has such a small scale shrimp as the main food of animals.

Blue Whale's body is so great, so there is a tongue 2000 kilograms, there is 3000 kilograms skull, liver there is 1000 kilograms, 500 kilograms heart, blood circulation amounted to 8000 kilograms, there is also雄兽testicles 45 kilograms. If the intestines straighten it enough to have 200-300 Rice, vascular rough enough to a child under the fitted, dirty wall thickness of more than 60 centimeters,雄兽penis as long as three meters. Its staggering force, issued by the horsepower of the power of about 1500-1700, most of the animal world are worthy of Hercules.

Distribution of blue whales from the Antarctic to the Arctic in the north and south between the two hemispheres of the major oceans, particularly near the ocean near the Antarctic more quantity, but relatively rare in tropical waters. In our country in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, the South China Sea, including southern and south-western Taiwan waters. Despite the huge size, the slow pace of normal, usually stationary, it can easily sink in the water, the flexibility to swing the tail, both power forward and also plays the role of the rudder, the course of up to 28 kilometers per hour.

Although blue whales live in the sea, but also with other mammals, like to breathe with lungs, lung weight of more than 1000 kg, can accommodate more than 1000 liters of air. Such a large lung capacity, it significantly reduced the frequency of breathing, about every 10-15 minutes to a surface to breathe. Breathing carbon dioxide, such as the lungs first exhaust expelled from the nostrils in vitro, and then inhaling fresh oxygen.

Its stomach is divided into four, the first part of the stomach to the esophagus become swollen, and so a great appetite, one can devour two million krill per day to eat 4000-8000 kg, if less than the food ventral 2000 kilograms, it will have the feeling of hunger. Krill are the largest number of animals all over the world, is widely distributed in north and south polar area is so rich because of the food, and live in the water did not support the weight restrictions, so development of a blue whale can be so great.

1 meter. Before diving whales in general are not at the tail raised, but before the blue whale diving always at the tail above the surface, and sometimes even leap high water, and then quickly into the 30-40 meter go looking for food in water.

Blue Whale Study on the classification under the MAMMALIA, cetaceans, fin whales Branch, fin whales are. Because over the years in the major countries in the world compete to catch the ocean, and now at 25 meters in length or more rarely blue whale has been met with. In addition, the scale of a large number of shrimp fishing, but also blue whale feeding activity has been greatly affected. According to statistics, half a century ago, the blue whale around all over the world have as many as 300,000 to 25,000 there in 1974, and now there is only around a 2000.

With three blue whales, are for the most part and a baby whale雌兽close together, followed雄兽Since then, around 3 meters apart. Blue whales in the winter breeding, the general雌兽once every 2 years fertility, pregnancy period of 10-12 months, each producing only one child, Aberdeen. Newborn baby on the body length of 6-8 meters and weighing about 6000 kilograms, in order to prevent death, baby care雌兽to the first surface to breathe air, since it will be able to own a breathing.

The age of sexual maturity is about 10 1 8 years old, life expectancy at 50 years of age are generally more than can live to 90-100 years old. In all animals, the voice of blue whale the largest. Blue whale contact with partners in the use of a low frequency, the sound deafening. Sometimes the sound can be more than 180 db, than you hear standing on the runway for take-off of the jet but also the sound, and sensitive equipment in the 80 km outside the detection by the voice of the blue whale.

It also likes to use normal tail water, which is a multi-purpose and have a variety of recreational purposes, are possible to do at the game, or it may be in order to arouse the attention of his companions, perhaps in order to shake off the parasites on the skin of harassment . Although some people have seen groups of 50-60 only to blue whales, but rarely form a group in general, most are solitary, or only with activity 2-3 only. Double of the blue whale habitat is in harmony with each other, with swimming, diving, feeding and breathing, like a mandarin duck, inseparable, usually leaving behind a broad watercourse.

Since 1932 even though the international community has been on the annual number of blue whale hunting restrictions, but the world's largest animal on the prospects are still very dangerous!

It every day, most of the time with open mouth around in a pair of dense plankton, on the mouth of the two rows have to like a sieve plate, the stomach's also a lot of accordion bellows, as the same fold, but also to expand reduced, so that it can be swallowed together water and krill, and then closed one mouth so that water discharged from the have to, under the filter shrimp fish, swallow and eat. Blue whales have other shrimp food, fish, jellyfish, diatoms, and a variety of plankton, etc. In contrast, living in the northern waters of the blue whale, larger than life in Antarctic waters near the small, it is generally thought this with the type and quantity of food is closely related to.

The whales Latin name is by the Greek word "sea creatures, and thus the derivatives of this kind of monster perches on the ocean has feeling of fear. Actually, the whales animal form difference is very big, small length only 1 meter, the biggest can reach 30 meters. Most of them species live in the sea, only a few species perched on the water environment, the figure is very similar, with fish are streamlined shape, suitable for swimming, so called whales, but this similarity is just a kind of biological evolution on the phenomenon of convergence. Because the whales animals have adopted, lactation, temperature and characteristics, such as lung respiration and fish are exactly the same, so belong to mammals. The common characteristic of whales animals is constant temperature, approximately averaging 35.5 degrees Celsius. Naked skin and hair, not only with a kiss, not only the sebaceous glands and hair. Subcutaneous fat is very thick, can keep temperature and reduce the body in the water. The skull is developed, but shaken, facial ministry, frontal sinus and extended, forming a long kiss. The neck is not obvious, cervical vertebra, head and torso healing directly connected. Forelegs are not separate fins, toe, without claws, elbow and wrist joints cannot flexible movement, suitable for swimming in the water. Hind, but still the pelvis and degradation of the remnants of the femoral, remaining bone. Tail fin, end of degenerate into skin to the horizontal extension, forming a pair of large caudate lobe, but not by the skeleton of the support in the narrow tails, vertebrae tapered cadres, and finally into the caudal before disappear. Caudal and fish, can swim, is bobbing major organs. Some species are used to balance the body, with dorsal fin. Their bones have sponge tissue in the body, and more fat, can increase the body, reduce the volume of the proportion of the body, increasing buoyancy.
Their eyes are small, no lachrymal and transient membrane, poor eyesight. Without method, the plane is also very thin shell, but hearing is very sensitive and can feel ultrasonic, rely on echolocation to find food, contact or escape from DiHai companions. The nose is 1-2, located in the head, known as the jet hole, the latter nostril by the higher level of evolution. Use lung respiration, in a pulmonary capillaries, many of them, elastic, can help the oxygen in water circulation, on the gas exchange, every time need to breath surfaced, also can dive for a long time. 10 to 20 ribs. Stomach into four rooms. Renal tubular adenoma is mostly。
The whales animal ancestors also in land use of animals, may all fours are mainly living in coastal area of insectivorous class or predators, afterwards because food is fish attracted, after long years, and from the land back to the sea, and the sea life to gradually. The earliest whales occurred about 55 million? / FONT > 436 million years ago the beginning middle Eocene, whales and their late Eocene, the whale, compared with the existing whales, skull smaller, nostril located at head ahead, not on the top of the head, moved to the teeth and ancient insectivorous, flesh of gear teeth are 44 or insufficient 44, tooth shape, skull is similar, only a few differences, but they had to live in the sea, and fish similar in shape.