推荐回答(4个)
过氧化物:含有过氧基-O-O-的化合物。可看成过氧化氢的衍生物,分子中含有过氧离子(O22-)是其特征。过氧化物包括金属过氧化物、过氧化氢、过氧酸盐和有机过氧化物。周期表中ⅠA、ⅡA、ⅢB、ⅣB族元素以及某些过渡元素(如铜、银、汞)能形成金属过氧化物。 超氧化物元素与氧化合生成的化合物叫做氧化物(有且只有两种元素组成)。所以超氧化物属于氧化物,是复杂的氧化物。 超氧化物中,氧的氧化态为-1/2,O2的O-O键长为1.33Å(氧气中为1.21Å,O2中为1.49Å)。按O-O键级排序,O2中键级为2,O2中键级为1.5,O2中的键级为1。 碱金属超氧化物CsO2、RbO2、KO2可由金属与氧气直接反应制备,NaO2的制备则需过氧化钠与氧气加压反应,单质直接反应得到的超氧化钠约占10%。它们都是橙黄色的稳定固体,与水迅速反应歧化。反应中的O2为强布朗斯特碱,先与质子反应生成超氧酸(HO2,pKa约为4.88)。 2 O2 + 2 H2O → O2 + H2O2 + 2 OH 其他制备超氧化物的方法包括: 氧气低温氧化金属的液氨溶液。超氧化锂就可通过此法制得。 通过碱金属氢过氧化物的过氧化氢合物分解制得,如2NaOOH·H2O2及相应的钾化合物分解可分别得到NaO2和KO2。 碱土金属中,钡和钙的超氧化物Ba(O2)2、Ca(O2)2也已制得。Mg、Zn、Cd的超氧化物仅以很小浓度,以固溶体的形式存在于相应的过氧化物中。 固态超氧化物加热时分解,与二氧化碳反应经由过氧碳酸盐中间体,最终得到氧气和碳酸盐。超氧化钾可用作空间飞船和潜艇中的供氧剂。 4 KO2+2 CO2==2 K2CO3 + 3 O2
麻烦采纳,谢谢!
氧的化合价不同过氧化物 -1价高氧化物 超氧化物都是超级活泼的金属才能形成的,一般不易出现
氧离子的化合价态。 过氧化物如过氧化氢O 1价 超氧化物O 1/2价,有且只有两种元素组成
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