推荐回答(5个)
自动原理发明前的步枪
1860年,美国首先开创了连珠枪的先河。该枪也是一种单发步枪,但无需从外部一发发地装弹,而是依靠弹仓存贮弹药,用手扳动枪机即可重新推弹入膛,能接连射击若干次,射击速度比手动单发步枪快得多。在1877年的俄、土大战中,土耳其军队用3万支连珠枪快速射击,使俄军阵亡逾3万人。然而真正使连珠枪发扬光大,在枪械中独领风骚数十年的是德国人保罗·毛瑟。他发明了第一支枪机直动式步枪,成为现代步枪的基础。毛瑟枪被世界各国广泛采用,中国也是最早采用和仿制毛瑟步枪的国家之一。
马克沁被称为自动机枪鼻祖,在轻武器领域开辟了一个新时代。在索姆河战役中,德军运用马克泌机枪的密集火力,一天内歼灭英军6万余人。马克沁自动原理的发明,为其它自动武器的研究扩展了思路。
不断更新的自动步枪
第一支半自动步枪是蒙德拉贡(墨西哥的一位将军)设计的。而真正标志着枪机直动式步枪时代的结束和自动步枪时代到来的半自动步枪,是美国人约翰· 坎特厄斯·加兰德研制的 M1加兰德步枪。该枪经历了30个春秋才被美军方承认而列装,成为第一支被列装的步枪,并在第二次世界大战中发挥了重要作用。
卡宾枪,实际上也属于步枪系列。它的枪管较短,重量较轻,可以说是因骑兵的需要而诞生,所以有人又叫它骑枪或马枪。
俄国的 M1916费德洛夫自动步枪,据资料介绍是世界上出现最早的自动步枪之一。而美国勃朗宁自动步枪的一大功劳,就是在半个世纪后,它启发了人们发明一种符合现代战争要求的单兵轻机枪或班用自动武器。
StG44,1944年命名为突击步枪,这是世界上第一支真正的突击步枪。之后,苏联AK47卡拉什尼科夫突击步枪也脱颖而出,而 AK47步枪的影响远远超过了德国的StG44
第一把真正意义的连发步枪貌似是美国的M1半自动步枪,第一把突击步枪是德国著名设计师雨果·施迈瑟在第二次世界大战时设计的stg44步枪,不过LZ下次说明白点,连发步枪是好多种的,有自动步枪,突击步枪,半自动步枪,慢射步枪,卡宾枪,短自动步枪,短突击步枪,半自动卡宾枪,谁晓得你到底是要哪一类的呢?虽然不能被采纳了,但是希望大家赞同下我。
如果你指的是被叫做枪的管型火器的话,是南宋时代的中国人,他们用竹子挖空制成了世界上最早的枪-突火枪
最先使用轮子的应该是古埃及人,不过这个太难考证了,很偶然的因素就可以产生这种技术性很低的发明(或者称为发现更合适吧)
2008年收音机北京新闻台828hz,每晚有一档节目:军事了望,有专题,枪械发展历史讲述,
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