推荐回答(2个)
《楚辞·渔父》
[原文]
屈原既放,游于江潭,行吟泽畔;颜色憔悴,形容枯槁。渔父见而问之曰:“子非三闾大夫与?何故至于斯?”
屈原曰:“举世皆浊我独清,众人皆醉我独醒,是以见放。”
渔父曰:“圣人不凝滞于物,而能与世推移。世人皆浊,何不淈其泥而扬其波?众人皆醉,何不铺其糟而歠其醨?何故深思高举,自令放为?”
屈原曰:“吾闻之:新沐者必弹冠,新浴者必振衣,安能以身之察察,受物之汶汶者乎?宁赴湘流,葬身于江鱼之腹中,安能以皓皓之白,而蒙世俗之尘埃乎?”
渔父莞尔而笑,鼓枻而去。歌曰:“沧浪之水清兮,可以濯吾缨;沧浪之水浊兮,可以濯吾足。”遂去,不复与言。
注释:
1.三闾大夫:掌管楚国王族屈、景、昭三姓事务的官。屈原曾任此职。
2.淈(gu3古):搅混。
3.哺(bu3补):吃。歠(chuo4啜):饮。酾(li2离):薄酒。
4.高举:高出世俗的行为。在文中与"深思"都是渔父对屈原的批评,有贬意,故译为(在行为上)自命清高。举,举动。
5.察察:洁净。
6.汶(men2门)汶:玷辱。
7.鼓枻(yi4义):打桨。
8.沧浪:水名,汉水的支流,在湖北境内。或谓沧浪为水清澈的样子。"沧浪之水清兮"四句:按这首《沧浪歌》也见于《孟子·离娄上》,二"吾"字皆作"我"字。
[译文]
屈原被放逐后,在四海间流浪,在湖边一路吟唱,面色憔悴,神情枯槁。(湖上的)渔父见了,问道:“你不就是那位三闾大夫么?怎么竟成了这般模样?”
屈原道:“普天下都混浊,只有我还清白;所有人都醉了,只有我还醒着。所以被君王流放啊。”
渔父道:“真正贤明的圣人不会拘泥于一事一物,而能随世情流转而相应地改变。世上的人都混浊,你何不也一起扬泥荡波?所有人都醉了,你何不也跟着吃糟喝酒?为什么要想得那么深远,凌驾于平庸的世人之上,使得自己被放逐呢?”
屈原道:“我听说:刚洗头的人一定会弹去帽子上的浮尘,刚洗澡的人一定会抖去衣服上的尘土。怎么能让自己的清白之身,受到外界的龌龊感染?我宁愿将此身投入湘水,葬身于江中的鱼腹之内,却怎能让洁净光明的纯白之质,蒙上世俗的尘埃?”
渔父微微一笑,拍打着船桨离去,口中唱道:“(湖上的)碧波清清,可以洗我的帽缨;(湖上的)碧波混浊,可以洗我的双足。”就这样唱着歌远去,不再与屈原说什么了。
渔父
屈原既放,游于江潭,
行吟泽畔,颜色憔悴,
形容枯槁。渔父见而问之曰:
“子非三闾大夫与?何故至于斯!”
屈原曰:“举世皆浊我独清,众人皆醉我独醒,是以见放!”
渔父曰:“圣人不凝滞于物,而能与世推移。
世人皆浊,何不淈其泥而扬其波?
众人皆醉,何不哺其糟而歠其酾?
何故深思高举,自令放为?”
屈原曰:“吾闻之,新沐者必弹冠,新浴者必振衣;
安能以身之察察,受物之汶汶者乎!
宁赴湘流,葬于江鱼之腹中。
安能以皓皓之白,而蒙世俗之尘埃乎!”
渔父莞尔而笑,鼓枻而去,乃歌曰:
“沧浪之水清兮,可以濯吾缨。
沧浪之水浊兮,可以濯吾足。”
遂去不复与言。
译文
屈原满腹愁容说道:"整个世道都是污浊的,切只有我一个人是清白的,众人都喝醉了,却只有我是清醒的,因此被放逐."
渔夫劝告道:"凡聪明的人都不受外界的拘束,他能够随着世俗的变化而变化,整个社会都是污浊的,为什么不随波逐流而助波推澜呢?众人都喝醉了,为什么不一起吃那酒糟~喝那薄酒呢?为什么要保持美玉般的高尚才德,却使自己被放逐呢?"
面对渔夫的话,屈原苦笑着说:"我听说过这样的话:'新者比浴弹冠,新浴者必振衣,'作为人,谁又能让自己洁白的身体蒙受尘垢的污染呢?宁愿跳进那长流的江水,葬身在江鱼腹之中又怎能让春节的品德去蒙受世俗尘垢的污染呢?"
最后,屈原怀石沉江!
屈原投江后,楚国百姓哀痛异常,纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊屈原,渔夫们撑起船只,在江上来回打捞他的尸身。
渔夫的思想是大众化的,即明哲保身,庸碌处事。
而屈原则是英雄式的,理想主义式的,他想要力挽狂澜,救国救民,如果做不到也要保持自己的节操,永不随波逐流。
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