为什么陈寅恪的恪是读做"却"音而不是"克"音呢?更奇怪的是字典上没有"却"这个注音,只标了"克"
推荐回答(1个)
陈寅恪先生名字中的\"恪\"字的读音问题颇有一些争议,一般人都读\"ke\",文化界、学术界中人则多数念\"que\"。有学者根据杨步伟、赵元任《忆寅恪》一文中的记载,认为赵元任先生指出\"陈先生自己读‘恪\'为ke\"。事实是否如此,根据近年一些新出史料,可以廓清这一问题。
笔者曾见过陈先生的学生、助手如季羡林、王永兴、石泉、李涵、胡守为诸教授,他们都念\"que\",陈先生的女儿也念\"que\"。中大的一些老人还亲眼见过当年有人念陈先生名字时把\"恪\"念成\"ke\"时,陈夫人唐晓莹还纠正说\"恪\"字要念\"que\"。杨步伟、赵元任刚开始记陈先生的英文名字时记作\"Y.C.Chen\",后来看到陈先生自己用的拼法时才改写作\"Yinko Tschen\",可见他们平时与陈先生交往时也念\"que\"。中山大学历史系程美宝教授在英国牛津大学查阅到一些有关陈寅恪教授的档案,中有胡适用英文写给牛津大学推荐陈寅恪任教的信件,信的 开头就是\"Professor Ying—ch\'iuh Chen......\"(陈寅恪教授);伦敦大学中国艺术和考古学教授颜慈(Perceval Yetts)致牛津大学的信件也称\"Professor Chen Yinchieh\",并且说明\"\"Chen Yinchieh\"的写法,是以往通讯中的写法\"。所以起码在口语上念陈先生名字时\"恪\"念\"que\"应该是可以肯定的。
陈先生的学生王永兴教授曾解释,陈寅恪先祖原居福建上杭,属客家系统。其六世祖始由闽入赣,落户义宁。客家人习惯\"恪\"读 \"que\"。义宁陈氏一直保持客家传统,故陈氏昆仲名中的\"恪\"字均读\"que\"。少数辞典曾收入这个读音,如商务印书馆于民国四年(1915)出版的《辞源》,其\"恪\"字条下的注音是:\"可赫切(即ke),亦读如却(即que)。\" 1937年商务版《国语辞典》也收有恪的两个读音。1979年上海辞书版《辞海》注音为:恪(ke课,旧读que却)。1985年12月,在由国家语委、国家教委、广电部联合发表的《普通话异读词审音表》中,则明确规定:\"恪\"统读为ke。这当然是国家认定的标准读法,但并不妨碍我们在口语上读到陈寅恪先生的名字时按照习惯仍读\"que\"。
至于陈先生认可的\"陈寅恪\"的英文拼法应该就如杨步伟、赵元任所记的\"Yinko Tschen\",事实上他的两篇英文论文的署名都是\"Tschen Yinkoh\",(虽然这两篇论文都是别人翻译的,但陈先生曾过目认可。)1940年5月陈寅恪致牛津大学的英文亲笔信的署名也是\"Tschen Yin Koh\"。
在牛津档案中有一份关于陈教授的简介,其第一句称\"陈寅恪(Chen Yin—chieh)先生比较喜欢他的名字的罗马拼音作(Tchen Yin—koh) \"(原文是英文);杭立武致牛津大学中国委员会秘书的信中称:\"我并不能够通过你向剑桥大学提供有关陈寅恪(Chen Yinchieh)先生更详细的资料(他自己喜欢用的姓名的罗马拼音是\"Tchen Yinkoh\")。\"(原文是英文)这都很明白地说明\"恪\"字的读音问题,证明深通语言学的陈寅恪先生也认为\"恪\"字的标准读音应为\"ke\",但因为乡音等原因在日常生活口语中读到陈先生的名字时则习惯念\"que\"。
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