推荐回答(1个)
数据库增删改查表示对数据库表的四种操作:
增:insert,增加数据
删:delete,删除数据
改:update,更新数据
查:select,查找数据
其中,主要的是select操作
一、insert
基本语法:insert into 表名[(column[,column...])] values(value[,value...])
说明:
1. 插入的数据应该与字段数据类型相同
2.数据的大小应该在列规定的范围内,例如,不能讲一个长度为80的字符串加到长度为40的列中
3.在values中列出的数据位置必须与被加入的列的排列位置相对应
4.字符和日期类型应包含在单引号中
5.插入空值,不指定或insert into table value(null)。如下图
或者
6.如果给表的每列都添加值,则可以不带列名。如insert into 表名 values(列值…)
二、update
基本语法:update 表名 set 列名=表达式[,表达式…] where 条件
说明:1.update语法可以用新值更新原有表行中的旧值,set字句指示要修改哪些列和要给予哪些值
2.update用来修改列值
将每个人的奖学金提高50%
将没有奖学金的人的奖学金改为750,注意null字段的判断
三、delete
基本语法:delete 表名 where 条件
说明:
1.如果不使用where子句,将删除表中所有数据
2.delete语句不能删除某一列的值(可使用update删除某列的值)
3.使用delete语句仅删除记录,不删除表本身。如果要删除表,使用drop table语句
4.同insert和update一样,从一个表中删除记录将引起其他表的参照完整性问题,在修改数据库数据时,头脑中应该始终不要忘记这个潜在的问题
删除表的几种方法比较:
1.delete from 表名;
删除所有记录,表结构还在,写日志,可以恢复,删除速度慢
2.drop table 表名
删除表的结构和数据
3.truncate table 表名;
删除表中的所有记录,表结构还在,不写日志,无法找回删除的记录,速度快。和delete相比,truncate无法添加where字句
四、select
基本语法:select [distinct] *|{column1,column2…} from 表名 [where {条件}];
说明:
select指定查询哪些列的数据
column指定列名
*代表查询所有列
from指定查询哪张表
where是条件
distinct可选,指显示结果时,是否剔除重复数据
举例:
1.查询所有列和查询指定列
select * from 表名
select列名1,列名2 from 表名
注:尽可能返回较少的列
2.如何取消重复行
select distinct deptno job from emp;
重复行:返回的数据完全一样才是重复行
例:select sal,job from emp where ename=‘Smith’;
引号中的内容区分大小写,SQL语句其他部分不区分大小写
特别说明:Oracle的SQL不区分大小写,但是内容区分大小写
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