推荐回答(2个)
柴油发电机的气缸盖又称气缸头,装置气缸体的上部,用缸盖螺栓固定在气缸体上。其作用是密封气缸上部,构成燃烧室。它的内部也有冷却水套,其端面上的冷却水孔与气缸体的冷却水孔相通,以便利用循环水来冷却燃烧室的高温部分。
(仅供参考:福建亚南电机答)
气缸盖的结构形式随柴油机的形式不同。小型柴油机有整体式或块状式机构,即将整个柴油机所以气缸的气缸盖(如4125型、12V150型柴油机)或二三个气缸的气缸盖(如12V135型柴油机、康明斯NTA系列柴油发电机)合铸成一体,具有结构紧凑,可增强机体刚性的特点。大型柴油机则采用单体式气缸盖(如Z12V190B型柴油机),这样可以单独拆装和修换,系列通用化高,密封性能好。
四冲程柴油机气缸盖的结构,如图2.17所示。
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气缸盖通常是用高强度铸铁铸出毛坯后,再经机械加工制成。康明斯NTA系列柴油机的气缸盖结构总成。它的内部有进、排气道、冷却水道及润滑油道,缸盖上还有供安装喷油嘴、进气门、排气门、气门弹簧、气门座、起码导管及摇臂室等零件的孔和螺纹孔。
气缸盖是双缸式结构,缸盖上有一个摇臂室,盖与室之间用衬垫密封,以防漏油。在安装喷油嘴的孔中镶有“湿式”水套。工作时机体水套中的循环冷却水流经水套的外壁和气缸盖之间的空隙,使喷油嘴得到良好的冷却。为防止漏水,在水套的上部车有一道环槽,功安装O形橡胶封水圈之用。
为了保证气缸盖的密封性,在缸盖与缸体的接合面之间加装气缸垫。气缸垫用铜皮中间夹石棉制成,具有一定的弹性和强度。它对防止漏气、漏水、漏油关系甚大,其厚薄程度还会影响柴油机的压缩比和工作性能,因此,在使用和维修柴油机时应注意保证气缸垫良好,更换时按原来厚度选用。
汽缸盖是柴油机的主要部件之一,柴油发电机组气缸盖的作用柴油发电机组主要由柴油机、同步发电机、控制屏、配套电气控制设备及各种辅助部件组成,其主要作用封闭机体上部,并与活塞、气缸套等部件构成燃烧室空间,以及安装喷油器,进气门、排气门和摇臂总成等部件,以保证向燃烧室内供应高压雾化柴油和使进、排气过程顺利进行,水冷式柴油机的汽缸盖内部还设有冷却水和润滑油通道。
汽缸盖安装在缸体的上面,从上部密封气缸并构成燃烧室。它经常与高温高压燃气相接触,因此承受很大的热负荷和机械负荷。水冷发动机的气缸盖内部制有冷却水套,缸盖下端面的冷却水孔与缸体的冷却水孔与缸体的冷却水孔相通。利用循环水来冷却燃烧室等高温部分。缸盖上还装有进、排气门座,气门导管孔,用于安装进、排气门,还有进气通道和排气通道等。汽油机的气缸盖上加工有安装火花塞的孔,而柴油机的气缸盖上加工有安装喷油器的孔。顶置凸轮轴式发动机的气缸盖上还加工有凸轮轴轴承孔,用以安装凸轮轴。 气缸盖一般采用灰铸铁或合金铸铁铸成,铝合金的导热性好,有利于提高压缩比,所以近年来铝合金气缸盖被采用得越来越多。 气缸盖是燃烧室的组成部分,燃烧室的形状对发动机的工作影响很大,由于汽油机和柴油机的燃烧方式不同,其气缸盖上组成燃烧室的部分差别较大。汽油机的燃烧室主要在气缸盖上,而柴油机的燃烧室主要在活塞顶部的凹坑。
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