求古文汉译英材料

问:
苏轼的普通话说得怎么样？宋朝皇帝是中原人，能听懂他说的四川话吗？

Question:
How was Su Shi’s Mandarin in your opinion? The emperor of the Sung dynasty came from China’s central plains, could he understand Su’s Sichuan dialect?

答:
1.问的挺有意思!如此大师的散文,古文,诗歌能被大家广泛的流传,他的普通话功底应该深厚,当时大家都那么说话而已,能听懂的,但如果纯说方言，那听的费劲了!

Answer:
This is an interesting question. Well, judging by the widespread acceptance and appreciation of Su’s literary works, he must have been well versed in Mandarin as it was spoken by the intellectuals. If Su just spoke a local dialect, he could not have been so popular.

2.另外宋朝的语音还处于中古语音系统，语音非常丰富，光声调就有七个，和今天的客家话是非常接近。如果当时也有“普通话”，那这种说起来七拐八弯的语言就是他们的普通话吧。

Moreover, the Sung Dynasty still had a medieval language system. It has rich sounds, intonation alone has seven variations , quite similar to the modern Hakka dialect. If there were to be a popular language or Putonghua then, it could be a poorly pronounced common language with local accents.

3.至于苏轼和皇帝的交流问题，宋朝的皇帝虽然身在开封，但他说的可不是今天的河南话，而是他们的“普通话”——即接近现在客家话的语言。而现在的四川话里尚有客家话的痕迹，好几百万人都还能说得很流畅，难道苏轼当时不能和皇帝交流吗？

As for the issue of communication between Su and the emperor, although the latter lived in Kaifeng, he did not speak the Henan dialect of today but the then prevailing popular language, equivalent to the modern Hakka dialect. The modern Sichuan dialect still has traces of Hakka influence and millions can speak it very well. Based on this, it is certainly reasonable to conclude that Su could exchange ideas easily with the emperor.

4.还有玩笑一说，那么大的官员即使普通话不好，肯定有翻译,应该交流不成问题的。所以不存在问题中的顾虑了。

If such a senior government official could not speak the popular language well, an interpreter would certainly be assigned to help him. This may be considered a joke, but certainly the worry about Su’s communication problems is unwarranted.

李白为什么没有成为唐宋八大家呢?
Why didn't Li Po become one of the Eight Ancient Chinese Prose Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties
历史上所说的唐宋八大家，是唐宋时期八大散文代表作家的合称，即唐代的韩愈、柳宗元和宋代的欧阳修、三苏、王安石、曾巩。
The Eight Classical Chinese Prose Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties in history was a general name of the eight delegate prose writers in Tang and Song Dynasties,they were Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty,Ouyang Xiu,the three Su,Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong in Song Dynasty.
最初将这八个作家的散文作品编选在一起刊行的是明初朱后的《八先生文集》，后来唐顺之在《文编》一书中也选录了这八个唐宋作家的作品。明朝中叶古文家茅坤在前者的基础上加以整理和编选，取名《唐宋八大家文钞》，共160卷。“唐宋八大家”从此得名。
The people who selected and edited their proses together in The Coupus of the Eight Masters first was Zhu Hou at the beginning of Min Dynasty,afterwards,Tang Shunzhi also excerpted their prosed in Proses Compilation.In the middle of Ming Dynasty,ancient prose writer Mao Shen packed up and compiled their proses on the basis of the two formers,which was intitled Proses Compilation of the Eight Ancient Chinese Prose Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties.It was 160 volumes altogether.From then on,they were called so.
由于这八位作家的文学观点比较接近，都主张实用，反对骈体，他们的散文创作都取得了很高的成就，因而“唐宋八大家”一经提出，便为后人普遍接受，成为文学史上的专有名词。给予当时和后世的文坛以深远的影响。
Because the literature viewpoints of the eight masters were very close,which were insisting on practicality,opposing parallel style,and because their prose creations achieved great achievement,once the Eight Ancient Chinese Prose Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties was put forward,it was accepted by people afterward.It became the proper noun in literature history,and affected the literary world at that time and aftertime profoundly.
李白的诗歌今存990多首。有大量的政治抒情诗，充分表现了诗人非凡的抱负，奔放的激情，豪侠的气概，也集中代表了盛唐诗歌昂扬奋发的典型音调。李白有强烈的自我意识，多次以大鹏自比，李白的诗歌的题材是多种多样的。为中华诗坛第一人。
There are more than 900 poems of Li Po now,including a lot of political lyrics which manifested his extraordinary ambition,untrammeled passion,gallant spirit,and also represented the typical high-spirited and strenuous tone of the poems in the glorious Tang Dynasty.Li Po had strong self-awareness,he compareed himself to roc for many times.His poem subjects were manifold,he was the first in Chinese Parnassus.

至于称号的归属,评论文学家是看他到底在哪种文学形式上的贡献最大、成就最高。李白的诗歌成就最大，他当然也有散文作品如《春夜宴桃李园》、《与韩荆州书》等但成就有限，不如诗歌为人称道。像苏东坡就可以在诗、词、文、书法、绘画、甚至烹调方面称为家，是因为他在这些领域都有建树和贡献。
As for the ascription of the title,a litterateur should be commented on according to how much his contribution and achievement in that literature form.Li Po's achievement in poems was greatest,he also had proses such as A Dinner in the Peaches and Plums Garden at A Spring Night,A Letter To Han Jinzhou,but they achieved a little,and gained less praise compared with the achievement of his poems.And Su Dongpo could be called expert on poems,proses,calligraphy,painting and cooking,because he had given contribution to these fields.
因此李白并不在唐宋八大家之列.
Thus,Li Po wasn't in the Eight Ancient Chinese Prose Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties.

静夜思

李白

床前明月光，疑是地上霜。

举头望明月，低头思故乡。

In the Still of the Night

I descry bright moonlight in front of my bed.

I suspect it to be hoary frost on the floor.

水调歌头（明月几时有）

苏轼

明月几时有？把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年。我欲乘风归去，又恐琼楼玉宇，高处不胜寒, 起舞弄清影，何似在人间。

转朱阁，抵绮户，照无眠。不应有恨，何事常向别时圆。人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。 但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。

"Thinking of You"
When will the moon be clear and bright?
With a cup of wine in my hand, I ask the blue sky.
I don't know what season it would be in the heavens on this night.
I'd like to ride the wind to fly home.
Yet I fear the crystal and jade mansions are much too high and cold for me.
Dancing with my moon-lit shadow
It does not seem like the human world
The moon rounds the red mansion Stoops to silk-pad doors
Shines upon the sleepless Bearing no grudge
Why does the moon tend to be full when people are apart?
People may have sorrow or joy, be near or far apart
The moon may be dim or bright, wax or wane
This has been going on since the beginning of time
May we all be blessed with longevity Though far apart, we are still able to share the beauty of the moon together

张九龄
望月怀远
海上生明月， 天涯共此时。
情人怨遥夜， 竟夕起相思。
灭烛怜光满， 披衣觉露滋。
不堪盈手赠， 还寝梦佳期。

Zhang Jiuling

LOOKING AT THE MOON
AND THINKING OF ONE FAR AWAY

The moon, grown full now over the sea,
Brightening the whole of heaven,
Brings to separated hearts
The long thoughtfulness of night....
It is no darker though I blow out my candle.
It is no warmer though I put on my coat.
So I leave my message with the moon
And turn to my bed, hoping for dreams.

I watch the bright moon, as I tilt back my head.

I yearn, while stooping, for my homeland more.

杜甫
春望
国破山河在， 城春草木深。
感时花溅泪， 恨别鸟惊心。
烽火连三月， 家书抵万金。
白头搔更短， 浑欲不胜簪。
Du Fu
A SPRING VIEW

Though a country be sundered, hills and rivers endure;
And spring comes green again to trees and grasses
Where petals have been shed like tears
And lonely birds have sung their grief.
...After the war-fires of three months,
One message from home is worth a ton of gold.
...I stroke my white hair. It has grown too thin
To hold the hairpins any more.