猜字谜的诀窍

2025-02-28 02:41:37
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

字谜是灯谜中的一种形式或分类,说它是“灯谜之源”、“灯谜基础”是有一定道理的。它谜方法是利用汉字音、形、义和结构——笔画、部首、偏旁的任意拼拆,动用会意、离合、等多种谜法,经过选字、拢意、遣词、设句,使谜面同谜底之间诸多环节相吻合,达到另成谜底的目的。因此,你要善于猜谜,不妨先从字谜入手。定能收到事半功倍的效果。在猜字谜的时候,应该掌握以下几个要领:
 一、琢磨谜面,字字不放
 不管谜面长短,务必字字斟酌,尤其对虚词副词、助词亦不要轻易放过。如,“一举而成”猜“血”字(将“血”字底下一划举到顶上后,“而”字即写成);“上面虽切断,下面仍有电”猜“蝇”字。其“而”与“虽”两字被虚字实用。又如,“安字去了盖,不作女字猜”打字一,初看分明谜底只能猜女字。殊不知,作者竞将“安字”两个字的盖子全部去除,即成“好”字谜底无疑。因此,凡遇此类字谜,要正确掌握“虚则实之,实则虚之”的基本门道,反复推敲谜面,悟出其中的玄机。
  二、掌握谜法
  击中要害要猜准谜底,正确掌握每条字谜的谜法(即谜的体裁、方法)是至关重要的。在字谜中,最常见的成谜方法为“增损”、“离合”、“象形”、“方位”、“借代”、“运典”、“会意”等等。一般来说,谜面嵌有加、减、有、无、缺、余、多、少、去、留、盈、亏等字,不妨以“增损”法猜;谜面含有比喻星星、蝴蝶、小鸟、小舟、雨丝、桥路以及刀、剑、针、笔等动物、植物、日用品、建筑物等,不妨以“象形”法猜;谜面若写有历史故事、戏剧情节、成语典故等,则应以“运典”法猜;谜面含有天干、地支、五行、朝代、人名、物名等,一般可用“借代”法猜。举例如下:
 1、砍伐森林,水必流失(梳,增损)
 2、多少心血得一盲(谧,离合)
 3、江横雁阵斜(丛,象形)
 4、左修右改宜用心(悠,方位)
 5、麦城升天,乌江自则(翠,运典)
 6重逢蛇年,携手共进(撰,借代)
  三、瞅准谜眼,摸清谜路要猜准字谜
  还须瞅准“谜眼”,摸清每条谜的“谜路”,顺藤摸瓜。如有条字谜:“诸君来猜谜,不要多言不要走,且站在旁边,对着细想”,打字一。一般来说,谜面越长,猜底越易,这条谜的“谜眼”即一个“谜”字,“增损”、“会意”便是它的谜路。如果这个判断是准确的,那么揭底即不难。
 四、顺拆易猜,破拆难中
  字谜在离合、会意、象形等诸体裁中,都离不开笔画、结构的增、损、离、合,在古往今来以万计的字谜海洋里,绝大多数采取“顺拆”方法。如“为四川人民办好事”,猜“蠲”字;“旧社会师傅带徒弟”,猜“籀”字。前者拆成“益蜀”切谜;后者解成“个个留一手”扣面,不难理解。但有的字谜谜底“破拆”(即不按文字的构造而读,令猜者扑朔迷离。如有两条谜:
  1、鸦雀无声,(谜底,鹭) ”‘;
  2、俄国革命,一声炮响,(谜底:鹕)
  乍看,揭出了谜底,也解释不出来。然而须将“鸳”字破拆成“鸟口各止”,“鹕”字破“十月鸣”方可紧紧扣其谜面。此类谜在字谜中虽属少数,但字谜的“拆法”,干变万化,懂得这种破拆方法后,在猜特定的字谜时,是颇为有益的。猜字谜,除了上述要领外,对初学者来最大窍门就是要多猜、多看、多想、多记、多析。对猜出和揭晓的每则字谜要逐字逐句地细推敲,领悟其成谜手段与方法,分析其成结构与拼拆,逐步由知其然达到知其所以然,久而久之,定能于驾轻就熟,猜好每一个字谜。

回答2:




猜谜是一种有趣的语言和文字的智力游戏。它不但可以增长知识,开阔视野,培养对事物的观察能力和认识能力,而且能够锻炼和提高思维能力和培养概括能力。谜语,由谜面和谜底两部分组成。谜面,往往用含蓄的语言,向人形象地提供猜谜的线索;谜底,往往是谜面所指的事物。猜字谜方法很多,下面简单介绍几种。
第一种,组合法。根据谜面的暗示,用笔画进行加减,读成一个字,如“山上还有山”指“出”字,“两个小孩”就是“二小”,两部分合在一起,就是谜底:“祟”。
第二种,象形法。从形象上去研究所描绘的字,如“天上双雁飞”指“丛”。
第三种,会意法。要求猜谜人根据谜面意思,联想出谜底来。如“客满”指人多,即“侈”。
掌握了这几种方法以后,就可以开展这种猜字谜的活动了。

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