推荐回答(2个)
梦魇的产生原因:恶梦的发生,既有外界的生理刺激,也有内在的心理创伤。在外因来说,梦魇多半是睡觉时被子盖住了嘴鼻,或者是把手压在胸部所引起的。人在睡眠时,心和肺的活动能力相对减弱了,所以,当嘴和鼻孔被被子挡住或胸部受到压迫时,就感到心脏活动受到阻碍,呼吸困难。这种来自外部的刺激很快传到大脑皮层,便引起不正确的反应,于是,恶梦就产生了。有的人在梦中看到鬼怪扑在自己身上,张牙舞爪,要吃掉自己似的,于是想挣扎,想喊叫,但是大脑指挥手脚肌肉运动、发声的部分,却还处于抑制状态,所以梦里想挣扎,手脚却一动也不能动;想大喊大叫,却一点声音也喊不出来。此外,有的人患了某些慢性疾病,如慢性扁桃体炎、慢性鼻炎、慢性支气管炎等,这些疾病常常发生呼吸不通畅的毛病,因此在睡梦中,也容易发生恶梦。
从恶梦的内因方面来看,做梦者在做恶梦之前,精神上一定受到过刺激,留下了难以治愈的心理创伤。人在醒着的时候是靠理智支配着生活的,因此,早年留下的心理创伤便被理智抑制着,难以尽情“倾诉”,而当人进入睡眠状态时,理智便失去了它的权威性作用,意识被弱化。潜意识登场亮相了,梦者早年留下的心理创伤便“借助”恶梦而尽情“表现”。韩愈在《游湘西寺》一诗中云:“犹疑在波涛,怵惕成梦魇。”可见,梦魇确与恐惧警惕心理相联。
现代心理学家认为,人们之所以做恶梦,通常是和梦者童年时所害怕的一些事物有关,这大致可以追溯到人们一生中曾经历过的那个无力自助的孩提时期。三岁至六岁的小孩子,最容易做恶梦。一个成年人,一旦感到自己的安全没有保障,或是想起昔日某些令人恐惧和不安的事情时,也可能产生恶梦。 如何预防和解决梦魇:主要是养成健康的生活规律,保证足够的睡眠。
还有就是睡前少喝水,不想睡的时候不要勉强自己。因为入睡的时候也有可能会有梦魇,不过出现幻觉的几率比较低。
正确的睡眠姿势也很重要,一般有梦魇的人都喜欢反着睡,就是胸部朝下,还有就是喜欢蒙头睡。仰卧,盖的被厚或手放在胸口上,日间精神过度紧张,晚饭过饱都是发生梦魇的诱因,如果侧身睡并避免上述诱因,就不会发生梦魇了。
当你梦魇了的时候,想弄醒自己,也有几个方法。梦魇的时候动手和脚几乎是不可能的,不过可以试着摆动脑袋。
还有就是弄醒自己后不要睡在那里不动,这样极有可能又出现梦魇。最好要立即开灯起身,去喝点水,坐一坐,等头脑清醒一点再继续睡觉。 中医诊断:梦魇症是指睡梦中惊叫或幻觉有重物压身,不能举动,欲呼不出,恐惧万分,胸闷如窒息状,是一种常见临床症状。其发生与体质虚弱、疲劳过度、贫血、血压偏低以及抑郁、生气、发怒等情志因素有关。
由于人在入睡状态中血压进一步降低,造成心脑缺血,供氧减少,大脑皮层的运动中枢比感觉中枢先进入抑制状态;或由于外周神经进入抑制状态比中枢神经快,从而造成神志清楚,运动瘫痪的梦魇症。
中医认为梦魇症是由于气血两虚,气不周运,气滞血瘀,凝阻经脉所致。因此,对梦魇症的防治,首先应注意加强营养,增强体质,防止过度疲劳,医治贫血,避免抑郁、生气、发怒等不良情绪。对低血压患者,可用中药黄芪、党参、当归、甘草各20克,水煎内服,半月为一疗程,大多患者在一疗程内血压可恢复正常。
此外,梦魇症的防治尚可采用导引法,具体方法为屈大拇指,用其余四指向内握住大拇指,尤其是入睡时要养成习惯,常做不懈,如此可使梦魇症发作逐渐减少。
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