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素质教育地理学科是一门综合性学科,做为一名现代的中国公民,必须拥有地理知识。由于当前初中地理课作为非升学考试科目,地理课在部分人心目中就成了所谓的“豆芽课”,学生学习起来随意,懒散,甚至上地理课却做着其它科的作业。地理教学陷入困境,学生掌握的地理知识甚少,不能很好的了解我国的地理国情,特别是二十一世纪,我国基础教育由应试教育向素质教育转轨,地理知识在教育环节中更不容忽视。这就要求我们地理教师在教学中要不断改进教学方法,激发学生学习地理的兴趣,掌握地理知识,以适应现代化发展的需要。为此,本文谨以在教学中如何激发学生学习地理的兴趣谈一谈体会。
一、明确学习目的,调动积极主动性 学习是有目的的活动,学生学习的目的性愈明确,学习的兴趣也愈浓厚。因此,在进行学习地理的目的性教育时,必须针对学生的思想问题,随时随地地做细致深入的诱导工作。当学生认识到学好地理是切身的需要,学习兴趣就会油然而生。初中学生学一些基本地理知识,是对一个人终生受益的东西。还应让学生懂得科学发展到今天,分支愈来越细,同时各门学科分支之间的相互联系、相互渗透和相互制约也更为突出。要想在某一方面有所成就,必须学好跨学科的多种知识。初中生学好地理课,可以为今后参加现代化建设和进一步学习文化科学知识,打下坚实的基础。
二、建立良好的师生关系,引发兴趣 融洽的师生关系孕育着巨大的教育潜力。学生喜爱什么学科往往与任课老师有着很大的关系。当学生对老师有好感、很信任,爱听老师讲课,课堂气氛活跃,就容易引起学生学习的兴趣。因此,教师在地理教学中应重视“塑造”自己的形象,做好“言传身教”。课堂上感情充沛,平易近人;课后辅导,一视同仁,耐心细致;批改作业,一丝不苟。在教学中善于发现学生的闪光点,对学生多表扬,肯定每个学生一点一滴的进步。这样,学生就会自觉不自觉地亲近你,随着时间的推移,从而引起学生感情上的支持,对这门课发生兴趣。如果用“晓之以理”来描述教学过程中的智力活动,那么“动之以情”则是教师感染学生、培养情感,激发兴趣的主要手段。
三、认真备课,精心设计课堂的引言和结尾,激发学习兴趣 课的导入和结尾,对一节课至关重要。艺术的导入,可以使学生在兴趣、求知欲、注意力等方面做好上课的心理准备。搞好每一节课的结尾,不仅是使一节课的内容系统化,概括化,起到加深理解,巩固知识,促进应用的作用,而且对学生的思想品德,智力能力,也会发生良好的影响,并为以后学习新课提供条件。因此,在地理课堂教学中,每一节课教师都应认真备课,研究教材,熟练掌握教材内容,设计好每一节课的导入和结尾。如在讲黄河一节时,可这样导入新课:“提到黄河,我们总想到两层含义,一是黄河哺育了华夏儿女,是祖国的母亲河;二是黄河千百年来给中华民族带来无数次深重的灾难,是一条著名的害河。那么,我们该怎样看待黄河呢?”接着进入新课。这样导入,学生兴趣盎然,想立刻知道黄河到底是怎样的河流。结尾时可设置悬念性结尾如“从这节课内容中,我们知道黄河哺育了华夏儿女,的确是是‘中华民族的摇篮’,祖国的‘母亲河’。可为什么却又说它是一条著名的害河呢?”这样给学生留有思考的余地,为下节课中“中国的忧患”和“根治黄河”两个问题作了铺垫。又如在讲《国际日期变更线》这节内容时,可提这样一个问题:有一对在海轮上出生的孪生姐妹,姐姐倒比妹妹小一天,想一想这是怎么回事?这就更大可能地调动了学习的积极性,激发了学习的兴趣,同时也搞活课堂气氛。
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