诗词的文学常识

我想要一些有关诗词的文学常识
2024-10-27 22:35:43
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

中华古代诗词文化,源于祭辞,萌于民谣,兴于咏志。可惜,现存最早文字辑录诗集仅有《诗经》。继春秋至战国衍为骚体,古雅深邃,乃先秦诗文化独秀一枝。秦亡而汉,乐府兴,诗苑万象更新。入于魏,五言腾踊,尤见“三曹父子”“建安七子”创建辉煌。魏晋之交,有“竹林七贤”;西晋有三张、二陆、两潘、一左,东晋更有陶翁。此期间诗歌境界与视野得以拓宽,咏唱愈加脍炙人口。沧海桑田,岁月交至南北朝之宋齐,四言、五言、六言、七言,已不一而足,“大小谢”“七言之祖”“竟陵八友”脱颖而出,田园诗、山水 诗,清逸峻秀,齐梁体堪称独占唐前春色。大唐盛世,亦为诗之盛世;诗律之工,音韵之秀,炼句之缜密,意境之旷远,实为登峰造极!然虽有“诗圣”冠于李杜,犹有群星灿然于千古!诗余有词,南北朝时已见其零星草色,晚唐兴于教坊,至于大宋,竟逐渐跳脱弦指之间而成跌宕之咏,可谓独领诗史风骚!词较于诗,其伸展转承有余,更见抒情遣怀之酣畅。两宋之时,词人千家,而晏柳苏辛,拔高耸之标。另谈及词牌格律千余,实乃前人不古,后人每每作茧自缚,遂成填词之风。诗词演绎于元明,日益迎合民间文娱需求,于是,“街市小令”“村坊小调”勃然而兴,终绽放出一代曲赋奇葩。有云:唐后无诗,宋后无词。概以为,此乃诗词境界广义之论;就其狭义而论,未必尽然。明代高启诗,上有汉魏之高亢,下有唐宋之俊秀,颇具承前启后之范。叹青丘,文惹忌讳,险人弄谗,值壮年时罹患腰斩。与其说“唐后无诗”,毋宁说“文字狱”兴焉,而后无诗。至于清代,诗人也众,诗卷也浩繁,但多熏于附庸浮滑之气而欠失品格,故精品传遗者不啻凤毛麟角。乾隆诗万余,未见一二传咏,夫何足论哉!然 风韵气节可景仰者,还属龚自珍、板桥诸人。

回答2:

古诗古词源于诗经,春秋战国后,多效仿屈原。纯粹是为了歌唱写的,也就是现在的歌词。唐诗多形象丰满,诗体个性化,又有乐府的影响,到后来发展成宋词,明清又有了散曲,都是为歌唱准备的。现代的歌词更丰富。诗有律诗,绝句,词有词牌,曲有曲调,这些规律只为初学者领路。其实,有感而发,才是真的,孟浩然就是不记一格的好诗人。事物都在发展,诗词一样要发展,懂一些平仄,音韵,意境,形象,``````散文诗和现代诗就自由多了。

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