现有0.1ml ⼀L的AlCl3溶液和0.1mol⼀L的氢氧化钠溶液,进行下面的实验。

2025-04-05 15:23:22
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

(1)当NaOH溶液滴入10mL0.1mol/LAlCl3溶液中时,整个过程可用图象表示如下:

因为nAl3+=0.1×10×10-3=0.001(mol)

所以①当加入10mLNaOH溶液时现象是产生白色沉淀;加入30mL时,沉淀量最多;加入35mL时,沉淀部分溶解。

②生成沉淀最多时,需NaOH溶液30mL。

(2)当AlCl3溶液滴入NaOH溶液时,由于NaOH溶液是过量的,所以反应如下:

Al3++3OH-=Al(OH)3↓,

Al(OH)3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O

上述两个方程式合并为:Al3++4OH-=AlO2-+2H2O,3AlO2-+Al3++6H2O=4Al(OH)3↓

可用图象表示如下:

由于第一过程消耗的Al3+与第二过程消耗的Al3+之比为3:1,故开始产生沉淀与沉淀到最大所耗AlCl3溶液的体积比为3:1。

故开始时,现象为:有沉淀生成,但振荡后马上消失,开始沉淀时,需加入AlCl3的体积为xL

 

             x=2.5(mL)

  所以生成AlO2-为2.5×0.1×10-3mol=2.5×10-4mol

              生成的AlO2-转化为Al(OH)3需Al3+为y

                 y= (mol)

沉淀最多时,需加入AlCl3的体积为÷0.1X1000+2.5=10/3(mL)

回答2:

1,沉淀逐渐增加,沉淀 增加到最大量,沉淀开始溶解2需要30ml,分析如下AlCl3+3NaOH=Al(OH)3↓+3NaCl,所以要沉淀完10ml氯化铝需要30ml氢氧化钠因为两者物质的量关系是1:3,现浓度相等所以体积就是1:3得关系

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