人教版初三英语短语和重点句子,语法

Unit 2一、知识点1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形. used to do sth. There used to be ….（反意疑问句）didn’t there?否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?be/get used to doing sth.习惯于, to 为介词.2. wear 表示状态. =be in +颜色的词 put on 表示动作. dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.dress sb. / oneselfhave on表示状态（不用于进行时态）3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,在…供职.4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑问句.（考点） Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了.5. 反意疑问句: ① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语.例: This is a new story, isn’t it? Those are your parents, aren’t they?② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there?③ I am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t I 例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定.例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they? Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?⑦ 当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移.例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?)6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. ② 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到. 例: It’s a pity that you miss the bus. The boy shot at the goal, but missed.8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次数; no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指时间.9. right: ① adj. 正确的, 右边的② n. 右方, 权利③ adv. 直接地.10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与can, be able to 连用.例: Can you afford a new car? The film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries.12. as well as 连词, 不但…而且… 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光. I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅是他们, 我也愿意帮助你.13. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.14. in the last/past + 一段时间 during the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)16. play the piano　弹钢琴17. ①be/ become interested in sth. 对…感兴趣②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣③show great interest in 在……方面产生极大的兴趣④a place of interest 一处名胜 some places of interest 如：He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking 　　 English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。⑤ interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 ⑥ interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物 ⑦ an interesting book / man 18. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog. be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.19. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，其反义词off. 　with the light on 灯开着20. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校21.spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间” ①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间） ②spend…doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事　如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。 pay for 花费如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。 take动词 有“花费”的意思　常用的结构有：　　It take(s) sb. … to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.22. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊　如：I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。23. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事　worry 是动词　 be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事　worried 是形容词　如：Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。　　 Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。24. all the time 一直、始终25. take sb. to + 地方　送/带某人去某个地方　如：　　A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。 Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)26. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 hard 困难的；猛烈地 hardly ever 很少　 hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前　助动词/情态动词＋hardly　　　 hardly + 实义动词　　如：　　I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。It rains hard outside, I could hardly go out.27. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内　常与完成时连用　如： I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。28. be different from 与…不同　29. how to swim 怎样游泳　　不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如： The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。30. make sb./ sth. + 形容词　　make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh31. move to +地方　搬到某地　如：I moved to Beijing last year.32.It seems that +从句　看起来好像……　如：　It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。33. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事　 help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事　She helped me with English.　她帮助我学英语。She helped me (to) study English。　她帮助我学习英语。34. fifteen-year-old 作形容词　15岁的　 fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人　 fifteen years old 指年龄　15岁　如：a fifteen-year-old boy　一个15岁的男孩Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。35.支付不起… 　can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth. 　　　　　　 can’t / couldn’t afford sth. 如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car. I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。36. as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力　如： Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。37. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦　38. in the end 最后39. make a decision 下决定　下决心　40. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶　如：to their surprise　令他们惊讶　to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶41. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪　如： His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪42. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心　如：　　You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。43. be able to do sth. 能做某事　如：　　　She is able to do it. 她能够做到。44. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事　如：　　　My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。 复合句与简单句的转化：① when ------ at the age of …② so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to …③ so that…------ in order to do sth.④ because…----- because of…⑤ if ….----- without / with…⑥ if…----- 祈使句+ and / or + 简单句⑦ 宾语从句----特殊疑问词+动词不定式⑧ be afraid be sure that +从句---- 动词不定式 be sorry⑨ It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemed to do sth.⑩ Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.二、 短语1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣.2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 体操课.5. worry about. 担心.6. all the time 一直, 总是7. chat with 与…闲聊8. hardly ever 几乎从不 9. walk to school = go to school on foot take the bus to school = go to school by bus 10. as well as 不仅…而且 11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦12. make a decision 做出决定 13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是14. take pride in 为…感到骄傲 15. pay attention to 留心, 注意16. consist of 由…组成/构成. be made up of 由…组成/构成.17. instead of 代替, 而不是 18. in the end 最后, 终于19. play the piano 弹钢琴 三、句子1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉.3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.6.It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的.7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大. ——————————————————————这个吗？太多了。我用邮件发给你。接收以后再表示回应。