推荐回答(2个)
心的传导系统由特殊分化的心肌细胞构成,其功能是产生并传导冲动,以维持心的节律性舒缩。心的传导系统包括窦房结、房室结、房室束及其分支等。 1.房室结(nodusatrioventriculaiis):位于房间隔下部右侧心内膜下,冠状窦口的前上方,呈扁椭圆形,较窦房结为小,结的前下端续为房室束。其功能是将窦房结传来的冲动传至心室,而且冲动在结内作短暂的延搁,使心房肌和心室肌不在同一时间内收缩。正常情况下,房室结不独立产生冲动,但窦房结功能发生障碍时,房窦结也可产生冲动。有人认为窦房结与房室结之间存在特殊的结间通路,即结间束,它们主要由purkinje细胞和普通心肌细胞等形成,具有传导快、抗高钾的生理特性。但至今尚无充分的形态学证据。结间束有三条:即前结间束、中结间束和后结间束。 2.窦房结(nodussinuatrialis):是心节律性活动的正常起搏点,也叫最高起搏点,能进行自律性的兴奋,呈长椭圆形,位于上腔静脉口附近右心房壁的心外膜下。窦房结发出冲动,传至心房肌,使心房肌收缩,同时向下传至房室结。 3.房室束(fasciculusatrioven-triculaiis):又称his束,起自房室结,穿过右纤维三角,沿室间隔膜部下缘前行,于室间隔肌部上缘处分为左束支(左脚)和右束支(右脚),分别沿室间隔左、右侧心内膜下向下走行。 (1)右束支:沿室间隔右侧面下行,其起始部位于心内膜深面,中部位置较深,远侧又于心内膜深面走行,经隔缘肉柱至右室前乳头肌根部,分支分布于室壁心肌。 (2)左束支:沿室间隔左侧心内膜深面走行,在室间隔上、中1/3交界处分为两组分支:①左前上支,行向前上方,分支呈放射状分布于左心室前上部,即前乳头肌、室间隔前部、左心室前壁和侧壁心肌;②左后下支,行向后下,分布于左心室隔壁、室间隔中部和后部心肌及后乳头肌。 (3)Purkinje纤维网:左、右支的分支在心内膜深面交织成心内膜下Purkinje纤网,由该网发出的纤维进入室壁心肌,形成肌内Purkinje纤维网。房室束、束支和Purkinje纤维网的功能是将心房传来的兴奋迅速传播到整个心室的心肌。由窦房结发出的节律性冲动,经上述传导系统,分别兴奋心房肌和心室肌,从而引起心的节律性搏动。
前面说过可以用房子来比喻我们的心脏,那房子里面肯定是有电路系统的,这个电路系统就相当于我们心脏里面的传导系统,也就是心脏究竟是怎么接收到信号?然后开始有规律的跳动,让我们一起来解锁吧!
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