推荐回答(3个)
月季为有刺灌木,或呈蔓状与攀援状。常绿或落叶灌木,直立,茎具钩刺或无刺,也有几乎无刺的。小枝绿色,小叶3-5(7),多数羽状复叶,宽卵形或卵状长圆形,长2.5-6厘米,先端渐尖,具尖齿,叶缘有锯齿,两面无毛,光滑;托叶与叶柄合生,全缘或具腺齿,顶端分离为耳状。花朵常簇生,稀单生,花色甚多,色泽各异,径4-5厘米,多为重瓣也有单瓣者;萼片尾状长尖,边缘有羽状裂片;花柱分离,伸出萼筒口外,与雄蕊等长;每子房1胚珠。果卵球形或梨形,长1-2厘米,萼片脱落。花期4--10月。 月季为常绿或落叶灌木,小枝绿色,散生皮刺,也有几乎无刺的。多数羽状复叶,小叶一般3--5片,椭圆或卵圆形,长2--6cm,叶缘有锯齿,两面无毛,光滑,托叶与叶柄合生。花生于枝顶,花朵常簇生,稀单生,花色甚多。品种万千,多为重瓣也有单瓣者,花有微香,花期4--10月,春季开花最多,肉质蔷薇果,成熟后呈红黄色,顶部裂开, “种子”为瘦果,栗褐色。2.生长的环境 适应性强,耐寒耐旱,对土壤要求不严,但以富含有机质、排水良好的微带酸性沙壤土最好。喜光,但过多强光直射又对花蕾发育不利,花瓣易焦祜,喜温暖,一般气温在22--25℃最为适宜,夏季高温对开花不利。
喜日照充足,空气流通,排水良好而避风的环境,盛夏需适当遮荫。多数品种最适温度白昼15~26℃夜间10~15℃。较耐寒,冬季气温低于5℃即进入休眠。如夏季高温持续30℃以上,则多数品种开花减少,品质降低,进入半休状态。一般品种可耐-15℃低温。要求富含有机质、肥沃、疏松之微酸性土壤,但对土壤的适应范围较宽。空气相对湿度宜75%~80%,但稍干、稍湿也可。有连续开花的特性。需要保持空气流通,无污染,若通气不良易发生白粉病,空气中的有害气体,如二氧化硫,氯,氟化物等均对月季花有毒害。 3。保存的方法 月季应在温度低、湿度大时采切。月季采切过早、往往采切后花朵不易正常开放。一般是在开花前1天~2天采切。采切的时间与品种有关,通常有4片~6片花瓣已松开花蕾时,即可采切。有时发现,采切后的月季切花,花蕾还没绽开,就过早地垂头了,这种情况主要是蕾期采切过早,花萼还紧包着花蕾。最好在萼片同花瓣成90°时切取。剪切时枝条要有5个节间踞或更长一些的长度,但在枝条上至少要有两个芽。切下1小时后,插入水中吸水,然后按长度分级,10枝一束捆好,用玻璃纸包装。月季切花保鲜期短,不耐长途运输。采切后的月季如果不上市出售,应立即入低温库贮藏,贮藏的温度为1℃~2℃,最好是插入水中进行湿贮。湿贮的水质很重要,pH值低,对月季切花有利。注意不要把叶子也插入水中。盛花容器中的促鲜剂是由硫代硫酸银和硫酸铝组成的混合液。通常月季所有的瓶插保鲜液称为康乃尔配方液。若要克服月季弯颈现象,可在保鲜剂中加入质量分数为360×10E-6的醋酸钴。加外乙氨-甲酰磷铵可阻止红月季切花烂变及早萎。
月季为蔷薇科常绿灌木,品种繁多,按花色分有:红、黄、白、橙、蓝、绿等类型。按开花期分有:四季健花种、两季种和一季种。按梢株形态分有:直立型、蔓生型和微型月季。家庭盆栽月季,应选择植株矮小、株形紧凑且生长健壮的品种,其次要选开花多且开花勤的,如“微型金丹”“小五彩缤纷”“满园春色”等品种。
月季花属强阳性植物,喜温暖,最适温度是20℃左右。生长期必须有充足的阳光,否则长势不好,叶片黄化,花变小,花色不正,但强光曝晒又对花蕾发育不利。
月季的开花盛期为每年5月份和10月份,因此应在4月份和9月份加强花前的养护管理。肥水管理上应薄肥勤施,一般7~10天施肥一次,促使花蕾健壮,施肥前盆土宜稍带干,并在面上松土,也可混施一些过磷酸钙淡肥液作追肥,花蕾露色时,即停止施肥。由于盆栽月季用土有限,容易脱水干燥,如不当心,则花蕾受损,花叶萎蔫,影响生长发育和观赏效果。
因此盆栽月季要注意干湿程度,以保持湿润为妥。开花时,要注意风雨和强光直射,宜用帘子遮阳。花谢后,应在花下三四档叶柄处修剪去花梗,以免过多消耗养分,然后施上1~2次液肥,促使腋芽生长,经过40余天,又可开出新的花朵。有的花蕾着生较多,应当剥去副蕾,保留主蕾,使月季花开得又大又艳。
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