高中化学问题在线等急急急

高中化学问题在线等急急急都不会
2024-12-03 22:47:54
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

Ba(OH)2中滴加H2SO4
离子方程式:Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 : Ba2+ + 2OH- + 2H+ + SO42- = BaSO4↓ + 2H2O
化学方程式:Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 = BaSO4↓ + 2H2O
两者刚反应完时,溶液中自由离子浓度很小,导电能力最弱,即图中a点。之后再滴加H2SO4,自由离子增多,导电能力增强。
Ba(OH)2中滴加NaHSO4
开始至Ba2+沉淀完全:
离子方程式: Ba2+ + OH- + H+ SO42- = BaSO4↓ + H2O
化学方程式: Ba(OH)2 + NaHSO4 = BaSO4↓ + NaOH + H2O
此过程中,自由离子逐渐减少,导电能力减弱;Ba2+刚沉淀完时,溶液中还有一半OH-未反应和加入的Na+,溶液中自由离子浓度较大,导电能力较强。由于两份相同的Ba(OH)2,H2SO4和NaHSO4的浓度也相同,两个实验中Ba2+应该在相同体积时沉淀完全。应该图中b点附近吧,b点的离子方程也如上。
之后再滴加NaHSO4
本阶段离子方程式: H+ + OH- = H2O
本阶段化学方程式: NaOH + NaHSO4 = Na2SO4 + H2O
此过程,从上述方程式看,应该是自由离子增加,导电能力增强,这与图有点不一致。
至NaOH反应完整个过程总的反应:
离子方程式:Ba2+ + 2OH- 2H+ + SO42- = BaSO4↓ + 2H2O
化学方程式:Ba(OH)2 + 2NaHSO4 = BaSO4↓ + 2H2O + Na2SO4
从图中看d点应该是NaOH完全反应的点,之后加入NaHSO4不反应。
选D。
C:d点是Ba(OH)2完全反应,最终生成的是Na2SO4,电荷守恒式:c(Na+)+c(H+)=2c(SO42-)+c(OH-)。
D:水的电离受H+或OH-抑制,a是水,d是Na2SO4溶液,与a、d相等;b点有OH-会抑制水的电离,c点中OH-减少,水的电离增大,应该是a=d>c>b。

回答2:

导电能力跟溶液里离子浓度直接相关,所以只要看滴加过程里离子浓度的变化就行
加硫酸的话,毫无疑问,氢氧化钡里的氢氧根不断变成水,钡离子不断被沉淀,离子浓度只有降低的份,一直到0,但只要把氢氧化钡都反应完,再往里加硫酸,离子浓度就会上升,导电能力也就回升
加硫酸氢钠的话,也是先降低,但由于硫酸氢钠里多了钠离子,而钠离子不参与这个反应,所以虽然它的离子浓度也降低,但绝对不会到0;不过,由于硫酸氢钠跟氢氧化钡生成的是硫酸钡+水+氢氧化钠,而氢氧化钠有会跟硫酸氢钠反应,所以有会有一段时间,溶液中离子浓度基本不变,直到氢氧化钠耗完了,才正儿八经开始回升。
所以,ab曲线哪个表示加硫酸,哪个表示加硫酸氢钠,不言而喻。
然后看各个选项
A、不解释,肯定是对的
B、b是加硫酸氢钠,硫酸氢根是强酸性,不会电离成氢离子跟硫酸根离子,而是就是硫酸氢根离子跟钡离子和氢氧根离子反应,所以B错
C、电平衡,一个硫酸根离子带俩电荷,所以硫酸根离子浓度应该乘2,也错了
D、水电离出的氢氧根,a应该比d大,因为d点溶液的体积比a要大得多,而水的电离程度差不多(d只比a多了硫酸钠,而硫酸钠不影响水的电解平衡),所以浓度应该要小于a,D也错了

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