推荐回答(3个)
首先,长沙话中声母有23个,韵母有41个,都多于普通话(普通话中分别为22个和39个)。
第二,长沙话没有北方话中普遍存在的儿化音。
第三,长沙话保留了入声,这是古汉语的一个明显特色之一。而入声在北方话里已基本上消失。例:以下每一对汉字,在普通话里发音和音调是相同的,而在长沙方言中音调是不同的。 “衣”和“一”, “巴”和“八”,“妻”和“七”,“乌”和“屋”,“蔬”和“叔”。在长沙话中,以上每对汉字中的第二个都发入声。
第四,古代汉语中的浊音现在在长沙话中仍发不送气的清音。下列每组字发音上完全一样,而只是在声调上有区别: 牌—败 同—洞 葵—贵 桥—轿 瓷—自 床—状
* 长沙话拼音系统
声调:
阴平(inn1 pin2)——1
阳平(iaen2 pin2)——2
上(san3)——3
阴去(inn1 kheh4)——4
阳去(iaen2 kheh4)——5
入(y6)——6
声母:
帮p/p/ pan/pan/ 1
滂ph/ph/ phan/phan/ 1
明m/m/ min/min/ 2
敷f/f/ fu/fu/ 6
端t/t/ tunn/tũ/ 1
透th/th/ thou/thou/ 4
泥n/n/ ni/ni/ 1
干k/k/ kann/kã/ 1
看kh/kh/ khann/khã/ 1(khann 4)
崖ng/ŋ/ ngai/ŋai/ 2
诃h/h/ ho/ho/ 1
见hc/tɕ/ hcienn/tɕiẽ/ 4
缺hch/tɕh/ hchye/tɕhye/ 6
晓hs/ɕ/ hsiao/ɕiao/ 3
賍c/ts/ can/tsan/ 1
仓ch/tsh/ chan/tshan/ 1
僧s/s/ sen/sɜn/ 1
来l/l/ lai/lai/ 2
日z/z/ zih/zɿ/ 6
单韵母及鼻音:
aa/ɑ/ 啊aa/ɑ/ 1
(a/a/)
an/an/ 昂an/an/ 2
ann/ã/ 安ann/ã/ 1
[ae/æ/]
o/o/ 何ho/ho/ 2
[e/e/]
eh/ɜ/ 特theh/thɜ/ 6
ehn/ɜn/ 横hehn/hɜn/ 2
ehnn/ɜ̃/ 很hehnn/hɜ̃/ 5
i/i/ 依i/i/ 1
in/in/ 应in/in/ 1
inn/ĩ/ 因inn/ĩ/ 1
ih/ɿ/ 时sih/sɿ/ 2
u/u/ 乌u/u/ 1
unn/ũ/ 官kunn/kũ/ 1
y/y/ 于y/y/ 2
yn/yn/ 晕yn/yn/ 1
复韵母及鼻音:
ai/ai/ 爱ai/ai/ 4
ao/ao/ 敖ngao/ŋao/ 2
ei/ei/ 非fei/fei/ 1
ou/ou/ 侯hou/hou/ 2
iaa/iɑ/ 爷iaa/iɑ/ 2 (ie/ie/ 2)
[iae/iæ/]
iaen/iæn/ 杨iaen/iæn/ 2
ie/ie/ 爷ie/ie/ 2 (iaa/iɑ/ 2)
ienn/iẽ/ 炎ienn/iẽ/ 2(ngan/ŋan/ 2)
iou/iou/ 旭hsiou/ɕiou/ 6
uaa/uɑ/ 瓦uaa/uɑ/ 3
[ua/ua/]
uan/uan/ 王uan/uan/ 2
uann/uã/ 弯uann/uã/ 1
[ueh/uɜ/]
uehn/uɜn/ 温uehn/uɜn/ 1
uai/uai/ 歪uai/uai/ 1
uei/uei/ 为uei/uei/ 2
ye/ye/ 月ye/ye/ 6
yenn/yẽ/ 圆yenn/yẽ/ 2
备注:
本系统韵母用h表示区别,不是入声韵尾。eh、ih只是一种符号。
本系统声母用h描写送气音。如:ph th kh hch。
本系统用nn描写鼻化音。
带[]的拼音代表无代表字,但包括在此系统中的音
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