This article mainly elaborated the international division of labor its development history and the successional variation process, has formed since 15 centuries, altogether experiences has budded, forms, the development, deepens four stages. Now the world, the technical high development, the resources distribution is not balanced, the energy the failure, the economical globalization trend of development causes the international division of labor the gradual deepening, the various countries' industry to subdivide day by day also hastens the specialization. At the same time, took the impetus international division of labor development the primary cause, the article analysis has understood the economical globalization origin and to the international division of labor major effect. But China took one of world main economies and the biggest developing nation, in through with India and US, these two developing nations and the developed country typical representative's comparison, has the foundation understanding to the international division of labor approximately change tendency, thus clearer realizing China at present the position which locates in the international division of labor, in faced the international division of labor current change and the challenge, how China should adjust, was oneself can hold the post of the new role gradually in the international division of labor