土匪这个名字的由来是什么?
我也不知道是什么,如果那个知道告诉一下.谢谢.......
推荐回答(3个)
土匪,《汉语词典》解释是:地方上的非法武装匪徒。古文上,匪字用得多,土匪一词很少见,到明、清时期的半白话文上,用土匪一词的渐渐多起来,并且多指南方。例如〈官场现形记〉就有平土匪乱的章节,说的是浙江南部的事。北方的匪多称:强匪,强寇,盗匪等等。何独南方的称土匪?原因大概事这样的——
封建王朝,在少数民族地区,通过分封地方首领世袭管职,以统 治当地人民的一种特殊政治制度。在各族首领所辖领域的基础上,飞设置州县,其大者为都督府,其首领为都昔、刺 史,皆世袭(《新唐书卷四十三》),树其酋长,使自镇抚,以达其以夷治夷的目的。
而在西南一带(尤以湘西为重),是土家族集居的地方,朝廷在这里设立了与酋长制度相似的“土司制度”。土家族地区的土司制度始于五代(初为竭糜制度),发展于宋,完备于元、明(由 褐糜制度发展成为土司制度,元代对西南各部族的大姓,因其请而以土司之职),终止于清,历经后梁、后唐、后晋、后汉、后周和宋、 元、明、清各代,时达八百余年。
土司与朝廷的关系就是每年进贡,回赐。只要不与朝廷唱反调,在地方上有充分自制的权利,其实就是土皇帝,操有杀伐之权。残酷的刑法,是土司对土民实行野蛮残酷统治的重要手段。其刑法有断首、宫刑、断指、割耳?挖眼、杖责等。土人有罪,小则知州长官治之,大则 土司自理。土司的残酷统治,给土民带来了深重的灾难,土民生活的困苦,连封建王朝也不得不承认。
武陵山脉绵延百里,土司不止一个,土司之间经常有一些征伐;土司制度是世袭的,土司的直系子孙们自然避免不了各拉人马,明争暗斗;由于土司的强权,土民造反历史也多有记载,湘西有的是山,山头林立,地势险要,这个成就匪的乐地。随便找一个就是山大王了。朝廷设立土司制度,以达到以夷治夷目的,这个举措是成功的。但朝廷安定了不等于整个西南一带安定了,洞洞有寇、山山有匪,外人不敢入也。不敢入,是因为有匪,有什么匪?当然是土家匪,土司匪,土匪大概就是这样来的吧。
土就是地方上的、当地的;匪就是凭借武力为非作歹的人。所以土匪这个名字的由来,就是盘踞在某一地区、以武力掠夺他人财富、危害他人生命的人:这种人就被叫做土匪。
不过,土匪一般特指陆地上的强盗;在海上活动的叫海盗。
我的猜测:土可能是穿的土,怪里怪气的。匪可能是 强盗的意思,专门干些大则伤天害理、小则偷鸡摸狗之事。
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