推荐回答(3个)
我们不妨辩证地来理解这段文字:首先我们从中国文明中选取几个具有代表意义的事物,来分析一下它们背后的剥削与血泪。
长城:秦始皇修建长城,以后历代加固与重建,无不写满了百姓的徭役之苦,今人赞叹长城工事雄伟险峻,可孟姜女哭长城的故事更诉说着无数劳工妻离子散,生命被践踏的无情事实。
明清陶瓷:明清时代几大官窑制作的陶瓷留到今天都是稀世珍宝,我们经常读到过去的皇室和达官贵人们如何把玩瓷器、鉴赏瓷器,却鲜少注意到烧瓷制瓷的艰辛;我们现在看到的古董常被打上康熙、乾隆掌中物的标签,从而价值连城,可谁知道制瓷师傅的姓名?
唐诗宋词:唐诗宋词是中国语言的瑰宝,韵律、对仗和意象都展现了中文的精华,在一辈辈中国人中传诵。可是我们细看唐诗宋词,就不难发现,它们多为士大夫所作,内容主要表现春花秋月,高山流水,像白居易《卖炭翁》、杜甫“三吏”“三别”等突出体现百姓疾苦的诗章并不多。普通百姓识文断字者少,难以替自己说话,在诗词的文明世界里,他们只能靠边站。
刺绣:苏绣蜀绣的美丽让全世界侧目,可是绣工的地位卑微,又常积劳成疾。
京剧:京剧是国粹,脸谱、身段美轮美奂,念唱做打各有特色,在世界艺术中占有一席之地。可是学习京剧的过程很苦,尤其是在旧社会“科班”之内的种种,与台下听戏的观众的舒适可谓天壤之别。一些龙套演员生活贫困,即使在现代社会都是不争的事实。
历史:从《史记》到后来的24史,记录王公贵族的言行不厌其详,可是谈及百姓,只有寥寥数言。那些被史书忽略的人民群众,才是中国的大多数。
法律:封建社会的法律是带有阶级性的,是王公贵族所代表的统治阶级对农民长工所代表的黎民百姓的统治工具。这样的法律使上层社会享有更大的自由,更好地保护了上层社会的权益,同时更多地规范了下层百姓的义务,更多地体现了对下层社会的约束。
和平:我们国家拥有无数杰出的军事家和丰富的战争史,守卫边庭,抵御外侮,每一次胜利都要靠无数战士的鲜血去换取。杜甫有诗“君不见青海头,古来白骨无人收。新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭”。
中国文明是中国人集体智慧的结晶。我们表扬大禹治水和都江堰造福百姓,表扬历代中国农民在耕作中总结出来的农事经验,表扬手工业者在雕刻、制陶、刺绣等艺术领域的创造,表扬中国人在医药、天文、数学等科学领域的发现与发明,表扬一部分体恤百姓的皇帝的杰出领导,表扬所有中国人生生不息,让中华民族的血脉得以流传。我们必须清醒地看到,那些被忽略、被遗忘的人民群众才是大多数,才是中华文明真正的缔造者,他们的不幸托起了中国灿烂的文明。
结合当时的背景来看,鲁迅对中国已经绝望,当时的中国人,大部分只会趋炎附势,鲁迅先生试图唤醒国民,让人们想起:我是一个中国人,正正堂堂的中国人!
鲁迅从小就被迫背诵诸如 秩秩斯干,幽幽南山之类的典籍因此他从小可能就对中国传统文化有一种偏见,特别是日后他提倡字母文化,而且中国历史上基本都是,为官者,富人在压榨百姓,而儒家经典文化正是封建制度的支柱,要知道鲁迅在青年时中国还处在清朝,因此鲁迅对封建的种种弊端有着深刻的体会,正如《狂人日记》“翻开历史一查,这历史没有年代,歪歪斜斜的每页上都写着“仁义道德”几个字。我横竖睡不着,仔细看了半夜,才从字缝里看出字来,满本都写着两个字是“吃人”!鲁迅还说过:"中文不灭,国无希望。”鲁迅作为留日生,看到了外国的繁荣富强,因此全盘否定中国文化,在这一点上鲁迅先生未免矫枉过正。
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