推荐回答(4个)
立式锅壳锅炉主要有立式横水管锅炉和立式多横水管锅炉、立式直水管锅炉、立式弯水管锅炉和立式火管锅炉等,目前应用较多的是后三种。由于立式锅炉的热效率低和机械化燃烧问题难以解决,并且炉膛水冷程度大,不宜燃用劣质煤,目前产量逐渐减少,只是局限在低压小容量及环保控制不严及供电不正常的地少量应用。
卧式锅壳锅炉
卧式锅壳式锅炉是工业锅炉中数量最多的一种。目前已由原来最大生产4t/h(少量的也有6t/h)发展到可以生产40t/h锅壳式锅炉。
1.卧式内燃锅壳式锅炉
卧式内燃锅壳式锅炉以其高度和尺寸较小,适合组装化的需求,采用微正压燃烧时,密封问题容易解决,而炉膛的形状有利于燃油燃气,故在燃油(气)锅炉应用较多,燃煤锅炉应用较少。如我厂WNS系列卧式内燃室燃锅壳式燃油(气)锅炉。
2.卧式外燃锅壳式锅炉
这是我国工业锅炉中使用的最多、最普遍的一种炉型,按现行的工业锅炉型号编制方法,应用代号WW,但目前国内锅炉行业均用水管锅炉的形式代号DZ来表示。如我厂的DZL系列产品。
卧式外燃水火管锅炉与卧式内燃水火管锅炉的主要区别,在于卧式外燃水火管锅炉将燃烧装置从锅壳中移出来,加大了炉排面积和炉膛体积,并在锅壳两侧加装了水冷壁管,组成燃烧室,为煤的燃烧创造了良好条件,因此燃料适应性较广,热效率较高。
水管锅炉
水管锅炉在锅筒外部设水管受热面,高温烟气在管外流动放热,水在管内吸热。由于管内横断面比管外小,因此汽水流速大大增加,受热面上产生的蒸汽立即被冲走,这就提高了锅水吸热率。与锅壳式锅炉相比水管锅炉锅筒直径小,工作压力高,锅水容量小,一旦发生事故,灾害较轻,锅炉水循环好,蒸发效率高,适应负荷变化的性能较好,热效率较高。因此,压力较高,蒸发量较大的锅炉都为水管锅炉。
常见的水管锅炉有双锅筒横直式水管、双锅筒纵置式水管锅炉和单锅筒纵置式水管锅炉,如我厂SZL系列产品。
热水锅炉
热水锅炉是指水在锅炉本体内不发生相变,即不发生蒸汽,回水被送入锅炉后通过受热面吸收了烟气的热量,未达到饱和温度便被输入热网中的一种热力设备。
(一)热水锅炉的特点
1.锅炉的工作压力
热水锅炉的工作压力取决于热系统的流动阻力和定压值。热水锅炉铭牌上给出的工作压力只是表明锅炉强度允许承受的压力,而在实际运行中,锅炉压力往往低于这个值。因此热水锅炉的安全裕度比较大。
2.烟气与锅水温差大,水垢少,因此传热效果好,效率较高。
3.使用热水锅炉采暖的节能效果比较明显。热水锅炉采暖不存在蒸汽采暖的蒸汽损失,并且排污损失也大为减少,系统及疏水器的渗漏也大为减少,散热损失也同样随之减少。因此热水采暖系统比蒸汽采暖系统可节省燃料20%左右。
4.锅炉内任何部分都不允许产生汽化,否则会破坏水循环。
5.如水未经除氧,氧腐蚀问题突出;尾部受热面容易产生低温酸性腐蚀。
6.运行时会从锅水中析出溶解气体,结构上考虑气体排除问题。
(二)热水锅炉的结构形式
1.管式热水锅炉
这种锅炉有管架式和蛇管式两种,前者较为常见。管式热水锅炉是借助循环泵的压头使锅水强迫流动,并将锅水直接加热。这种锅炉大
都由直径较小的筒体(集箱)与管子组成,结构紧凑,体积小,节省钢材,加工简便,造价较低。但是这种锅炉水容量小,在运行中如遇
突然停电,锅水容易汽化,并可能产生水击现象。
完整的资料
详见:http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=04fsuXBwckn5JXCOPbLF1YYVIKWQPXCEFTTHmhpG-on7RCO60nVeDXDZKPXVW2uZgdE11fAhPnLwLE9AM1W6gtOwQjP9SgqzjpGWCUa6FhW
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