我觉得应该是倒装,above which做地点状语,用完全倒装,故appear放在主语rainbow的前面。
楼上说的没错,above which是地点状语,主语为rare rainbow,谓语动词为appear,全句是一个倒装句,正常语序为rare rainbow soon appeared above which.
All the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, which appeared rare rainbow above这句子不能这样还原above whichappeared rare rainbow是完全倒装句 rainbow是主语