充分性A^2=A0.25(B+I)^2=1/2(B+I)(B+I)^2=2(B+I)B^2+BI+IB+I=2B+2IB^2+2B+I=2B+2IB^2=I必要性若B^2=IA^2=0.25(B+I)^2A^2=0.25(B^2+BI+IB+I) =0.25(2I+2B) =1/2(B+I) =A得证这里主要注意的是(A+B)^2=A^2+AB+BA+B^2AB≠BA,当然除了单位矩阵,