推荐回答(3个)
1.大约公元1世纪左右,佛教分为大乘佛教和小乘佛教,乘,是承载或道路的意思,两者的主要区别在于对佛教教义的解释和理解有分歧。
小乘,保持原来的教义,以释迦牟尼为教主,以《阿含经》为主要经典;
大乘,则对原来的教义有所修改和发展,认为三世十方有无数的佛,并已《般若经》《维摩经》《法华经》《华严经》《无量寿经》等为主要经典,小乘派认为自己是正统,大乘派则认为自己有创新。
2.(1)佛的含义
佛,佛陀的简称,意思是 觉,觉者,和知者。佛教认为,觉 有三种涵义:自觉,觉他(使众生顿悟),和觉行圆满。其中,觉行圆满是佛教修行的最高境界,佛就是达到这种最高境界的 觉者。另外,小乘佛教所说的佛,一般是专用做对释迦牟尼的尊称;而大乘佛教除指释迦牟尼外,还泛指一切觉行圆满者。
(2)佛分类
A.释迦牟尼三身佛,法身佛,居中;报身佛,居左;应身佛,居右。
B.三世佛,佛教的说法,即过去,现在,未来三世,有
横三世佛(东方净琉璃世界的药师佛 居左,娑婆世界的释迦牟尼佛 居中,西方极乐世界的阿弥陀佛 居右),竖三世佛(现在佛释迦牟尼佛,过去佛燃灯佛,未来佛弥勒佛)之分。
注:1.佛释迦牟尼佛左胁侍文殊菩萨,右胁侍普贤菩萨,此三者合称“释家三尊”
2.药师佛左胁侍日光菩萨,右胁侍月光菩萨,此三者合称“东方三圣”或“药师三尊”
3.阿弥陀佛是西方极乐世界的教主,左胁侍观音菩萨,右胁侍大势至菩萨,合称“西方三圣”或“阿弥陀三尊”
3.菩萨是只达到 自觉和觉他两个境界,尚未达到 觉行圆满 需到未来成就佛果的修行者,寺院中常供奉的有:文殊菩萨,普贤菩萨,观世音菩萨,地藏王菩萨,大势至菩萨。
4.罗汉全称 阿罗汉,即自觉者,在大乘佛教中罗汉低于佛,菩萨,为第三等,而在小乘佛教中罗汉则是修行所能达到的最高果位。佛教认为,获得罗汉这一果位即断尽一切烦恼,应受天人的供应,不再生死轮回。
佛是最高境界觉悟者,菩萨是大乘修道者通称,罗汉是小乘修学成就果位的圣者,尊者是正法时期对所有正法修行人的尊称。
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