高频淬火的原理是什么?

2025-02-22 22:29:55
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

将金属工件加热到某一适当温度并保持一段时间,随即浸入淬冷介质中快速冷却的金属热处理工艺。常用的淬冷介质有盐水、水、矿物油、空气等。淬火可以提高金属工件的硬度及耐磨性,因而广泛用于各种工、模、量具及要求表面耐磨的零件(如齿轮、轧辊、渗碳零件等)。通过淬火与不同温度的回火配合,可以大幅度提高金属的强度、韧性及疲劳强度,并可获得这些性能之间的配合(综合机械性能)以满足不同的使用要求。另外淬火还可使一些特殊性能的钢获得一定的物理化学性能,如淬火使永磁钢增强其铁磁性、不锈钢提高其耐蚀性等。淬火工艺主要用于钢件。常用的钢在加热到临界温度以上时,原有在室温下的组织将全部或大部转变为奥氏体。随后将钢浸入水或油中快速冷却,奥氏体即转变为马氏体。与钢中其他组织相比,马氏体硬度最高。钢淬火的目的就是为了使它的组织全部或大部转变为马氏体,获得高硬度,然后在适当温度下回火,使工件具有预期的性能。淬火时的快速冷却会使工件内部产生内应力,当其大到一定程度时工件便会发生扭曲变形甚至开裂。为此必须选择合适的冷却方法。根据冷却方法,淬火工艺分为单液淬火、双介质淬火、马氏体分级淬火和贝氏体等温淬火4类。

淬火效果的重要因素,淬火工件硬度要求和检测方法:

淬火工件的硬度影响了淬火的效果。淬火工件一般采用洛氏硬度计,测试HRC硬度。淬火的薄硬钢板和表面淬火工件可测试HRA的硬度。厚度小于0.8mm的淬火钢板、浅层表面淬火工件和直径小于5mm的淬火钢棒,可改用表面洛氏硬度计,测试HRN硬度

希望能帮得上你的忙,望采纳答案!

回答2:

利用电流的集肤效应,在零件表面形成电流进而加热工件,实现心部和表面不同的热处理状态;

其中根据电流频率的不同分为工频、中频和高频。分别针对不同的淬硬深度和工件大小。

高频(10KHZ以上)加热的深度为0.5-2.5mm, 一般用于中小型零件的加热,如小模数齿轮及中小轴类零件等。

高频淬火多数用于工业金属零件表面淬火,是使工件表面产生一定的感应电流,迅速加热零件表面,然后迅速淬火的一种金属热处理方法。感应加热设备,即对工件进行感应加热,以进行表面淬火的设备。感应加热的原理:工件放到感应器内,感应器一般是输入中频或高频交流电 (1000-300000Hz或更高)的空心铜管。

产生交变磁场在工件中产生出同频率的感应电流,这种感应电流在工件的分布是不均匀的,在表面强,而在内部很弱,到心部接近于0,利用这个趋肤效应,可使工件表面迅速加热,在几秒钟内表面温度上升到800-1000℃,而心部温度升高很小。

回答3:

利用电流的集肤效应,在零件表面形成电流进而加热工件,实现心部和表面不同的热处理状态;
其中根据电流频率的不同分为工频、中频和高频。分别针对不同的淬硬深度和工件大小。
高频(10KHZ以上)加热的深度为0.5-2.5mm, 一般用于中小型零件的加热,如小模数齿轮及中小轴类零件等。

  中频(1~10KHZ)加热深度为2-10mm,一般用于直径大的轴类和大中模数的齿轮加热。

  工频(50HZ)加热淬硬层深度为10-20mm,一般用于较大尺寸零件的透热,大直径零件(直径Ø300mm以上,如轧辊等)的表面淬火。

回答4:

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