先帝考虑到蜀汉和曹贼不能并存,帝王之业不能苟且偷安于一地,所以委任臣下去讨伐曹魏。以先帝那样的明察,估量臣下的才能,本来就知道臣下要去征讨敌人,是能力微弱而敌人强大的。但是,不去讨伐敌人,王业也是要败亡的;是坐而待毙,还是主动去征伐敌人呢?因此委任臣下,一点也不犹疑。
臣下接受任命的时候,睡不安稳,食无滋味。想到要去北伐,应该先南征。所以五月里竟渡过泸水,深入不毛之地,两天才能吃上一餐;臣下不是不爱惜自己呵,而是看到帝王之业不可能局处在蜀地而得以保全,所以冒着危险,来执行先帝的遗愿,可是争议者说这不是上策。目前敌人恰好在西面疲于对付边县的叛乱,东面又要竭力去应付孙吴的进攻,兵法要求趁敌方劳困时发动进攻,当前正是赶快进军的时机呵!现在谨将这些事陈述如下:
祖皇帝的明智,可以和日月相比,他的谋臣见识广博,谋略深远,但还是要经历艰险,身受创伤,遭遇危难然后才得安定。现在,陛下及不上高祖皇帝,谋臣也不如张良、陈平,而想用长期相持的战略来取胜,安安稳稳地平定天下,这是臣所不能理解的第一点。
刘繇、王朗,各自占据州郡;在议论安守策略时,动辄引用古代圣贤的话,大家疑虑满腹,胸中充斥着惧难;今年不出战,明年不征讨,让孙策安然强大起来,终于并吞了江东,这是臣下所不能理解的第二点。
曹操的智能谋略,远远超过别人,他用兵好象孙武、吴起那样,但是在南阳受到窘困,在乌巢遇上危险,在祁山遭到厄难,在黎阳被敌困逼,几乎惨败在北山,差一点死在潼关,然后才得僭称国号于一时。何况臣下才能低下,而竟想不冒艰险来平定天下,这是臣下所不能理解的第三点。
曹操五次攻打昌霸而攻不下;四次想跨越巢湖而未成功,任用李服,而李服密谋对付他;委用夏侯渊,而夏侯渊却败死了。先帝常常称赞曹操有能耐,可还是有这些挫败,何况臣下才能低劣,怎能保证一定得胜呢?这是臣下所不能理解的第四点。
自从臣下进驻汉中,已一周年了,期间就丧失了赵云、阳群、马玉、阎芝、丁立、白寿、刘郃、邓铜等将领及部曲将官、屯兵将官七十余人;突将、无前、賨叟、青羌、散骑、武骑等士卒一千余人。这些都是几十年内从各处积集起来的精锐力量,不是一州一郡所能拥有的;如果再过几年,就会损失原有兵力的三分之二,那时拿什么去对付敌人呢?这是臣下所不能理解的第五点。
现在百姓贫穷兵士疲乏,但战争不可能停息;战争不能停息,那末耽在那里等待敌人来进攻和出去攻击敌人,其劳力费用正是相等的。不趁此时去出击敌人,却想拿益州一地来和敌人长久相持,这是臣下所不能理解的第六点。
最难于判断的,是战事。当初先帝兵败于楚地,这时候曹操拍手称快,以为天下已经平定了。但是,后来先帝东面与孙吴连和,西面取得了巴蜀之地,出兵北伐,夏侯渊掉了脑袋;这是曹操估计错误。看来复兴汉室的大业快要成功了。但是,后来孙吴又违背盟约,关羽战败被杀,先帝又在秭归遭到挫败,而曹丕就此称帝。所有的事都是这样,很难加以预料。臣下只有竭尽全力,到死方休罢了。至于伐魏兴汉究竟是成功是失败,是顺利还是困难,那是臣下的智力所不能预见的。
鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已
spare no effort in the performance of one's duty till the end of one's days
滴水之恩,当涌泉相报
Drop the boon of the water, be to flow out spring to report mutually
谁言寸草心,报得三春晖
Such kindness of warm sun, can't be repaid by grass
Ju Gong Jin Cui ,Si Er Hou Yi . (The Zhuge Liang
"queen Petition on Taking the Field ") crow has
righteousness of reciprocating , the sheep knows
grace of filial piety droplet , thinks that the
fountain looks at and appraises newspaper. Whose word
blade of grass heart, reports three light of spring
sweetly sipping in secondary flower of bee,
expressing gratitude leaving time camp of camp.
Boastful butterfly believe in a flower but is to
ought to express gratitude to him. The Rabindranath
Tagore household helps me , forever bears in mind; I
help a household , do not write down in the heart.
Hua Luo Geng every one kind of favour has one pouring
a hook , it will get the mouth devouring that share
favour hooked, Shienzhe thinks that where gets there
hall grace right away be ungrateful comparing with
lying that him is drug to , vanity , leresis , the
morals keeping to the bottle or there existing in
other among fragile popular feeling evil want base
fierce United Kingdom proverb person of vile
character to be ungrateful always too: In being
ungrateful it is base part of Hugo to forget the
grace people falls to difficulty originally, Greece
proverb being able to be saved
The benefactor opposes purpose words if one people experiences big grace but draw
afterwards , he needs to show consideration for self face , person is especially
malicious definitely than irrelevant stranger , that heartless Thackeray that he asks
to demonstrate the other party's fault ability explains self is thanked is that
virtue middle is the tiniest , being ungrateful is that not best ignorant United
Kingdom proverb people wants to make a good deed originally in bad habit , result but
victimization is no light; Small magpie extraction mother feather, believe repay
gratitude for the love and care given one from childhood grace of the Tibetan
nationality proverb parents , water can not drown , fire can not exterminate the
Soviet Union proverb
Father Enbishangao , deep Japan of mother Enbihai proverb
Be going to know parents grace , to carry children and grandchildren- in breast in the bosom Japan proverb
Support a son knowing mother method working hard for , support wife's side knowing the Xie mother grace- Japan proverb
Mother'mother is from childhood without the knowledge of close , baby-raising knows the newspaper mother grace- Japan proverb just now
He who takes charge knows the responsibility,; Support a son , be not aware of the newspaper mother grace- Chinese proverbThe benefactor opposes purpose words if one people experiences big grace but draw
afterwards , he needs to show consideration for self face , person is especially
malicious definitely than irrelevant stranger , that heartless Thackeray that he asks
to demonstrate the other party's fault ability explains self is thanked is that
virtue middle is the tiniest , being ungrateful is that not best ignorant United
Kingdom proverb people wants to make a good deed originally in bad habit , result but
victimization is no light; Small magpie extraction mother feather, believe repay
gratitude for the love and care given one from childhood grace of the Tibetan
nationality proverb parents , water can not drown , fire can not exterminate the
Soviet Union proverb
Father Enbishangao , deep Japan of mother Enbihai proverb
Be going to know parents grace , to carry children and grandchildren- in breast in the bosom Japan proverb
Support a son knowing mother method working hard for , support wife's s