发动机中的张紧器起什么作用,它的工作原理是怎样的?
推荐回答(3个)
利用弹簧或油压等产生一个将皮带绷紧的力,使得皮带能以合适的压力压在工作皮带轮上。 张紧轮张紧力不能过小,过小会让皮带与工作轮间摩擦力变小,最终导致皮带打滑。
带传动得张紧器器是起到绷紧防止打滑得作用,别的忘了
6.1 张紧基本工作要求
为保持适当的皮带张紧力避免皮带打滑,或避免同步带发生跳齿、脱齿而提出的工作要求。同时张紧力也是决定皮带轮、皮带等传动系统的寿命大小的主要参数之一。
6.2补偿要求
补偿皮带磨损和老化后引起的伸长量;调节和补偿由于轴和定位孔的加工误差引起的发动机系统中心距偏差。
6.3寿命要求
对于发动机张紧轮,一般最低寿命要求为15万公里,目前已达到25万公里的耐久性要求。这一寿命可靠性要求,已不再是仅对张紧轮旋转功能的基本要求,还包含了动态质量指标维持能力的一些要求;
6.4异响消除作用及其要求
随着人们对汽车质量要求的不断提高, 汽车噪声的控制也越来越严格。对张紧轮的噪声已提出了相关控制要求。张紧轮一定程度上可消除由于皮带摆动引起的发动机组运行中的异响。但对其本身的噪音要求一般为:2500~3500 r/m in时,800~1300Hz的声压噪声值≤90dB;低温启动时严禁啸叫现象发生。
6.5轴承的初始游隙要求
轴承的初始游隙应根据产品的结构特点进行确定,有时还需大量的试验验证来最后确定。有些轴承外面需进行注塑,如材料为PA6-GF50,则游隙可设计为3组。当采用PA6-GF25等为带轮材料时,游隙应作放大调整。较多的张紧轮,采用了钢板冲压或旋压成型件作为带轮并与轴承配合,游隙要求将会更大一些(0.030~0.050)。但无论怎样, 应确保带轮组件在总成中的游隙为0.005~0.025,较为合适。过大的游隙将造成轴承的摆动加剧,较小的游隙将使轴承有较高的发热。
6.6密封与润滑要求
鉴于张紧轮的工况比较恶劣(高温、泥浆、水、沙尘),张紧轮应具有极佳的密封性能。
①密封圈材料一般采用氟橡胶+不锈钢骨架;部分要求不高的产品可采用聚丙稀酸脂+低碳钢板。密封圈为双唇密封结构形式,唇口接触尽量为轻接触。密封圈必须按企业规范进行漏脂试验检测,一次漏脂率不得大于1. 5%,并需按JB /T 8571行业标准,抽样进行防尘性能验证,要求灰尘颗粒数不超过10000个/cm3;
②轴承油脂的选择:应选择适用温度在-40~180℃的聚脲稠化剂、基础油至少为矿物油/合成烃或酯油类的润滑脂。而油脂的抗氧化寿命、基础油分离率、对轴承噪声的影响等一系列的质量指标是必须予以关注和确认的。对油脂的确认一般通过轴承振动检测(如油脂加入6006-2RS轴承中后的振动值控制在32dB 以下,且分布中心值小于28dB)、张紧轮2000h以上台架试验、台架耐久与盐雾结合试验后的低温噪声检测、以及委托专业机构进行的基本指标检测来综合评定认可。
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