推荐回答(2个)
圆柏的栽培技术:
圆柏繁殖主要经过播种,有扦插,可繁殖量很小其次扦插技术要求不易学会,相比播种它费用愈高,限制的要素多,不建议种植。最好的播种时间是2月3月4月5月下旬,各个地方稍稍区分,优质将籽种放水中浸泡24小时,下面将籽种拿出搓下外层假皮。育苗床准备,土壤条件要求疏松,通气,砂质土,便于以后起苗分栽,平整粉碎泥地,伴入少量发酵的猪粪。
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下面将籽种均衡的撒到育苗床,覆盖一层1厘米厚的泥沙,在覆盖保暖膜,约10~13天籽种出芽,19~23天分株移栽。一年小苗可长高1.6~1.9米高,直径~1.5公分,圆柏主根较粗,须根很少,故而第2年需要断根移栽,充分让很多的根须生长,剪断定生根。
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圆柏成长期得要特多的养分,通过认为种植的圆柏,年生长量有3公分,我苗圃圆柏2年生长到10公分。1.2米高的小树苗定株距离可以是2.3*3米栽植,春夏天两季追肥~3次,一次一亩用复合肥65kg,追肥后结合撒水,圆柏秋天掉叶较早,在中秋追肥少量。寒冷的冬天撒在农肥如猪粪,羊粪,鸡粪,一亩~3.5吨,加上农肥还可以解决泥地组成。不消担心追肥太多,是不可能发生烧苗的状况,可勤撒水。
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Sabina chinensis(L.)Ant.[Juniperus chinensis L.]圆柏又称桧柏,全国各地广为栽培,是城市、农村绿化的主要树种之一。
[形态特征]
常绿乔木,树冠尖塔形或圆锥形,老年时成广卵形、球形或钟形。老枝常扭曲状,小枝直立或斜伸或略下垂。冬芽不甚显著。叶有两种,鳞叶交互对生,刺叶常3枚轮生。雌雄异株,稀同株。花期4月下旬,球果翌年 10~11月成熟,种鳞肉质,不开裂,种子卵圆形,有棱脊(见彩图13)。
圆柏栽培品种、变种甚多,最常见的有:
龙柏cv.Kaizuka(另作专门介绍)
匐地龙柏cv.Kaizuka Procumbens全株匐地生长,无直立主干,多为鳞叶,小枝密集。
金叶桧cv.Aurea灌木,鳞叶初为深金黄色,后渐变为绿色。
金球桧cv.Aureoglobosa灌木,树冠球形,枝密生。
球柏cv.Globosa矮小灌木,树冠球形,枝密生,多为鳞叶,间有刺叶。
鹿角桧cv.Pfitzeriana丛生灌木,主干不发达,大枝自地面向上斜展,状如鹿角分叉,多为鳞叶。
塔柏cv.Pyramidalis树冠圆柱状,塔形,枝多贴主干斜生,密集,叶多为刺叶,间有鳞叶。
偃柏var.sargentii匍匐灌木,小枝直展成密丛状,刺叶常交叉对生,排列紧密,微斜展。
翠柏var.uariegata丛生灌木,顶端小枝乳白色,叶多为鳞片状。
垂枝圆柏f.pendula枝长,小枝下垂。
[分布]
原产于我国东北南部及华北,现北达内蒙古及沈阳,南至广东、广西北部,东自滨海各省,西抵四川、云南,各地均有栽培。朝鲜及日本亦有分布。
[习性]
圆柏虽习称阴性树,但实为喜光树种而耐阴性较强。耐寒,耐热,对土壤要求不严,适应性强,酸性、中性、钙质土及干燥瘠薄地均能生长。但在温凉湿润及土层深厚地区生长快。忌水湿。深根性,萌芽力强,耐修剪,易整形。
[繁殖与栽培养护]
原种多行播种育苗,园艺品种多用扦插、嫁接繁殖。播种育苗者:11月采种,堆放后熟,洗净后冬播或催芽至翌春播种。圆柏种皮坚硬,不易透水,其胚又需后熟始能发芽,故播前必须进行催芽处理,将种子浸于5%的福尔马林液中消毒2分钟,再用清水洗净,置于5℃的低温约100天。经过处理的种子,可以提早发芽,出苗整齐,不然,当年不会发芽。一般播后约20天发芽出土。搭棚遮荫,加强肥水管理,当年生苗高可达10~20厘米,再经数次分床培大,可用作庭园绿化。扦插繁殖分休眠枝和半熟枝两种,休眠枝在2月下旬至3月中旬扦插,半熟枝扦插于8月中旬至9月上旬进行。插穗应选用侧枝顶梢,长15厘米左右,剪去下部小枝及叶,插入土中5~6厘米,揿实后充分浇水,搭棚遮荫,以后经常喷水,保持苗床湿润,冬季干燥时在中午亦须喷水。扦插初期忌阳光直射,需全日庇荫,待愈合后早晚逐渐增加光照。园艺品种多数发根都比较慢,根数少,宜留床1年,第三年春分栽。在培育绿化大苗中需注意修剪、摘心、扎枝、造型。嫁接者多用于龙柏,常用2年生侧柏作砧木,接穗选择生长健壮的母树侧枝顶梢,长10~15厘米。露地嫁接行于3月上中旬,室内嫁接可提早到2月间,但接后需假植保暖,3月中下旬再移栽圃地,嫁接方法同五针松,采用腹接,小苗移栽带宿土,大苗须带泥球。
桧柏在干旱酷热天气最易发生小蠢蛾蛀蚀主干,还有梨桧锈病和大蓑蛾等病虫害,要注意防治。在圆柏种植区10千米范围内禁种胶锈菌转株寄主梨树等。
[观赏与应用]
圆柏枝叶密集葱郁,老树奇姿古态。常配植于陵园、甬道、园路转角、亭室附近,树丛林缘列植或丛植,或群植于草坪边缘作主景树的背景。或作绿篱柏墙,颇为相宜。其变种球柏宜作规则式配植。园艺品种甚多,庭园中常被广泛应用。
圆柏对多种有害气体抗性较强,有一定的吸收功能,防尘能力也强,很适于城市工矿区绿化。
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