推荐回答(1个)
景泰蓝花瓶的自白说明文
一只景泰蓝花瓶
朋友,摆在你面前的是一只景泰蓝花瓶.它周身白色,在纯白的底子上两朵红牡丹在绿色的映衬下,竞相开放,那诱人的花香似乎已飘进你的心房……它色彩鲜艳,表面亮而光滑.整体给人一种雍荣华贵之感.
景泰蓝,这种制品从明朝景泰年问开始流行,而当时多用蓝色,因而名叫景泰蓝.
你会问,它是陶瓷的吗?不,它的胎是用紫铜做的.比如这只花瓶吧,它的胎是三部分组成的.一般瓶口、瓶颈部分为一截,瓶腹鼓出的部分一截,瓶腹以下又是一截,先各用紫铜片制成模样,再打接在一起.如果仔细观察你就会发现,瓶表面所有的花纹、图案是由小金属丝界成的,这些小金属丝是一种扁铜丝.艺人们把铜丝弯成理想的形状,蘸上一种很粘的白芨浆粘在铜胎上面,再经过烧焊,铜丝就焊牢了.你又会问,铜丝会不会氧化生锈呢?因为景泰蓝制作的最后一道工序,就是镀金.镀金以后,铜丝就永葆金灿灿的光泽了.
你还会问,这些颜色是怎样涂上去的呢?回答这个问题还要从色料说起.色料大都是制颜色玻璃的原料.其本质料是硼砂、硝石和碱,因含金属矿质不同,颜色也就各异.含铁的作褐色,含铜的作黄色,含锌的作白色……使用之前要把这些色料捣碎研细,分别盛在碟子里,和着水调匀.制作工人用极小的小勺舀着色料.填到铜丝隔成的小格子里.填满晾干后,就拿到炉膛里去烧,一烧,色料就低下去了.所以填一次还不行,要填三次,烧三次,色料才跟铜丝差不多高.你会说,同一种颜色的地方,例如花瓶的白底色吧,大块大块涂岂不方便,为什么也要粘上很多铜丝呢?这是有缘由的.第一,因色料和铜胎的膨胀率不同.如不用铜丝分成小块,烧过以后一冷却就会裂.第二,色料涂在两条铜丝之间,不至于溢出来.第三,打磨时,不易剥落.
那么,瓶的表面为什么会那么亮呢?这就是刚才提到的打磨的功劳了.先用金刚砂石磨,使表面平整.再用磨刀石水磨,最后用椴木炭水磨.经几次打磨后,成品就很晶莹灿烂了.
就这样一只花瓶,从制胎到最后镀金,要经过多么繁复的工作啊!我们赞叹景泰蓝的精美,更赞叹制作者的智慧和劳动.
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