条件状语从句、时间状语从句、宾语从句的语法（要全）急急急！！！！

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一. 时间状语从句:
学习状语从句的重点是连接从句的连词的选择，就比如时间状语从句吧。
The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she________.
A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving
在时间状语从句中，当主句是将来时或含有情态动词时，从句通常用一般现在时代替将来时。选（B）每当他们遇到困难时，我们就去帮助他们。
We will go to help them whenever they meet with difficulties
可以引导时间状语从句的词很多，比如when ,wile,as等等。
When ,while,as的区别
I was reading a novel________he watching TV.
A.when B.while C.before D.as 2
While表示一段时间并表示对比，从句中不能用点动词；when还可以表示从句动作发生在主句动作之前或之后；as表示“一边。。。。。一边。。。。。”
While表示对比不只可以用在时间状语从句中。
Some people like coffee,while others like tea.有人喜欢咖啡，而有人则喜欢茶，强调了对比。When you have finished your work,you may have a rest.当你工作做完的时候，你可以休息一会儿。从句的finish发生前，才会有rest(休息)这个动作发生。在这种情况下，就只能用when,而不能用while或as,除此以外，when还有一点比较特殊。
When可以表示“那时突然”的意思，而其他两个词则还可以，比如说，我在看电视的时候，他突然进来了，就可以说：I was watching TV,When he suddenly came in.
As通常表示“一边。。。一边”的意思，比如我边洗碗边唱歌就可以说“As I was washing the dishes,I was singing songs.”另外，它还可以表示”“随时间推移”，这就是它的特殊之处了。
You will grow wiser as you grow older.
引导时间状语的从句还有before,after,once,until等。这个until的用法也需要注意，下面我们就来看看它该怎么用吧。
People don’t know the value of freedom________they have lost it.
A. until B.when C.since D.as
till和until表示“直到。。。。。。才。。。。。。”要和延续性动词连用，not….until是固定搭配。
Not….until……√ not….till,而且until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首，比如：Until you told me,I had heard nothing of what happened。
直到你告诉我，我才知道出了什么事
还有几个连接时间状语从句的关联词，表示“一…..就。。。。”的结构，他们是：as soon as,the moment,no sooner….than ,hardly/scarcely….when. Tony,这些关联词你用用吗？
值得注意的是这几个关联词的量才而为和语序的不同用法。量才而为上，as soon as和the moment所在的复合句中，主句和从句通常都用过去时，no sooner…..than和hardly/scarcely…when所在的复合句中，主句一般用过去时，而从句用过去完成时。
________had he gone to bed. ________he fell asleep.
A. The moment,/ B.No sooner,than C.When,hardly D.As soon as,/
当no sooner或者hardly在句首时，从句要倒装。
我刚一到家，就开始下雨了。
As soon as I got home,it began to rain.
The moment I got home,it began to rain.
I　had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
no sooner….than和hardly….when说一下，至少要一句倒装啊。
二、条件状语从句。
You will be late__________you leave immediately.
A. unless B.until C.if D.or
B.
Unless=if not. If you don’t leave immediately you will be late.
在条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时或含有情态动词，从句通常用一般现在时代替将来时。这只有在时间和条件状语从句中才有这个用法。
条件状语从句还可以由as long as(只要),in case(以防)，　on condition that(条件是)等词来引导。
You may do anything you like as long as it is not against the law.只要不犯法，你可以做任何你喜欢的事。
Take this umbrella with you in case it rains.带上这把十倍雨伞，以防下雨。
三、宾语从句
引导宾语从句时，whether和if一般可以互换。If和whether直接就可以引导宾语从句了，不用that了。
可是并不是在所有的宾语从句中if和whether都可以互换。它们也是有区别的。
如果出现or not则只能用whether。
比如：We don’t know whether he will come or not.我们不知道他是否会来。在这句话里只能用whether.
介词宾语从句只能用whether。
比如：That depends on whether he will come.那取决于他是否会来。
宾语从句还有和主语从句不一样的地方。我们看一看吧。
8.________ I should take part in the sports meet?
A.Do you think why B.Do you think when C.Do you think D.Do you think how
C
引导宾语从句的that在从句中不充当任何成分时，可以省略。
不过不是所有引导宾语从句的that都可以省略。
第一，如果有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句由and或but连接，那么第一个that可以省略，但第二个that不能省略。
比如：He said(that)he liked to live in China and that he wouldn’ t leave for America.
他说他喜欢住在中国而不会去美国。
第二点是如果that引导的是介词宾语从句，则that不能省略。
例如：你的作文写得不错，只是有几个拼写错误。就应该说
Your composition is quite good except that are some spelling mistakes.
这里的that引导的从句作介词except的宾语，连接词that就不可以省略。
也就是说主语从句的that不可以省略，而宾语从句的that却在大多数情况下可以省略。
主语从句和宾语从句也有相同的地方。
名词性从句之间是有些共性的，下一个秘诀和主语从句的也很相似。
9 We think________important that college students should master at least one foreign language.
A.it B.him C.that D.what
A
主句的宾语是“宾语＋宾补”的复合宾语时，要用形式宾语it替代宾语从句，而将宾语从句置于宾补之后。
再比如：我认为所有的人都应该尊重老人，这是非常正确的。
I think it quite right that all of us should respedt the old.
10.I don’t think you are right,____?
A.aren’t you B.are you C.do I D.do you
B
这是通过反意疑问句来说明宾语从句的否定情况，动词think, believe, suppose, expect等词后面的宾语从句带有否定含义时，通常不否定宾语从句中的谓语，而是否定主句的谓语动词。
这种下的反意问句要根据从句的真正意思来提问。
再来练习一下。
我想他不会来 I don’t think he will come.
11.No one can be sure________in a million years.
A.what man will look like B.what will man look like
C.man will look like that D.what look will man like
A
Sure,afraid,glad,certain等形容词后面可以接宾语从句。
这几个形容词的后面通常都是接介词of的。
比如　I’m afraid of being late.如果转换成宾语从句就是I’m afraid that I’ll be late.
再比如　I am sure that you will come.我确信你会来。
宾语从句：陈述语序
　　　　　形式宾语
　　　　 if和whether的区别
　　　　　在某些动词和形容词后的用法

状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件和比较状语从句，其中有些连词可引导多种状语从句，表达不同的意义；也有某一从句可用多个连词引导，表达相同的意义，这就使得状语从句成为一大难点，下面就容易引起混淆的引导词作简要介绍。
一、while while常表示“当……的时候；然而；尽管”。
如：The students were busy taking notes while they were listening to the lecture. The young mostly enjoy pop music while the old usually prefer classical. While there exists much unemployment in almost all cities， people with special skills are still in great demand.
注意：while 表示“尽管”时，相当于although / though / as，但while / although引导的让步状语从句不用倒装语序，though引导的状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，而as引导的状语从句则必须倒装。
如：Though the bride is happy / Happy though the bride is， she will feel homesick at the beginning. Happy as the bride is， she will feel homesick at the beginning.
二、until和till until和till都表示“直到”，常可互换，但till一般不用于句首，也不可用于强调句中。
1. until / till从句或短语与肯定的主句连用时，主句的谓语必须是延续性动词，表示主句的动作一直持续到until / till所表示的时间为止。
如：You may stay here until the rain stops. Mr. Bush remained there till his brother arrived.
2. until / till从句或短语与否定的主句连用时，主句的谓语必须是非延续性动词，表示“直到……才”，即主句的动作到until / till所表示的时间才开始。
如：David won‘t go to bed until / till his wife returns. Leo didn’t come until he had gone over his lesson.
3. not until ......位于句首时，主句须用倒装语序。
如：Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
4. not until …… 结构可用于强调句中。
如：It was not until she came to see us that we knew her mother was ill in bed.
三、so that so that可以引导目的状语从句与结果状语从句。
1. 当表达的含义是“为了、以便”时，为目的状语从句，此时，从句的谓语部分通常带有情态动词；当表达“以至于、因此”时，为结果状语从句。
如：If you do know， answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. （目的状语从句）
It rained hard the day before yesterday， so that we had to stay at home. （结果状语从句）
2. 当从句之前的so that可用in order that代替时，为目的状语从句；反之，为结果状语从句。
如：We now study hard so that we may work well in the future. （= We now study hard in order that we may work well in the future.） （目的状语从句）
状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等类型。
1、时间状语从句
(1)常用的连词有when, while, before, after, until(till)/not…until,since, as soon as等。
(2)时间状语从句中一般不用将来时，若谈论将来的事情，往往用一般现在时代替，
如：I'll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow./As soon as he finishes the work, he will come to see me.
(3)when和while都表示“当……的时候”，但有区别。
when强调“特定时间”，如： There was a loud knock at the door when he was just falling asleep.
while表示的时间是一段，而不是一点，如： While he was having supper, he heard someone knock at the door.
while有时还有对比的含义，如：While I was reading, he was writing.
(4)not…until句型中，主句中的谓语为延续性动词时，前面不加to，如为非延续性动词，必须加to。
如：I’ll read the book until she comes back. I’ll not come back until she goes home.
2、原因状语从句
(1)常由because, since, as引导。
(2)because表示直接的原因，着重点在从句，用于回答why,语气最强。 I can't go to school because I am ill.
since一般表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由，全句中心在主句，语气比because弱，常译为“既然”，如：Since you are ill, I'll go alone.
as表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱。常译为“由于”，如：As it is raining hard, we won't go hiking.
for是个并列连词，只能放在另一个并列分句后面，表示一种推理或解释，或用作附加说明，而不是指理由或原因，语气最弱，一般不放在句首，常译成“因为”，如：You haven't met him, for he didn't come here.
3、条件状语从句
常由if(假如、如果)No matter(不管)来引导，如：No matter what he says，I won't believe him，如果主句是一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时来表示将来，如：I'll go for a picnic if it is fine.
4、结果状语从句
一般由so...that, such...that引导，如：It's such a heavy box that nobody can move it.
The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.
5、目的状语从句
往往由so that, in order that引导，如：I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
He set off early in order that he might be in time.
6、让步状语从句
由though或although等引导，但不能与but同时连用，如：Though it snowed heavily, they kept on working.
7、地点状语从句
常用where, wherever引导。如：I'll go where work is hard.
8、比较状语从句
常由as...as, than, not as/so...as等引导。
比较从句部分常是省略句，如：I'm taller than he (is). Science is not as popular as English.

宾语从句
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：
一、引导词
1.由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。
　例：I told him that he was wrong.
I在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。
　例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)
I在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。
　例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
2.由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
　　The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
I在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
　例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
I宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
　例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
I和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
　例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
3.由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。
　例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
　　I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)
二、宾语从句的语序
　　宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
　　例：I believe that they will come soon.
　　He asked me whether I was a teacher.
　　They wanted to know what they can do for us.
三、宾语从句的时态
　宾语从句的时态受主句的限制
既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态
　　例:
　　1)She says that she is a student.
　　 She said that she was a student.
　　2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
　　 She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
　　3)She says that she has finished her homework already.
　　 She said that she had finished her homework already.
　　4)She says that she can sing a song in English.
　　 She said that she could sing a song in English.
　　I如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
　　例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
　　 He told me that Japan is an island country.
　　 Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。
　　例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?
注意事项：
由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。
　 例：She said: “I have been to England before.”
　　 She said that she had been to England before.
　　 She asked me: “Do you like maths?”
　　 She asked me if I liked maths.
宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。
　　例：I don’t know what I should do next.
　　 I con’t know what to do next.
　　 He didn’t know where he would live.
　　 He didn’t know where to live.
祝进步。