推荐回答(2个)
我国目前对废纸还没有制订一个很科学、很详细的分类回收办法……各种高质量的废纸和低质量的废纸混在一起被回收上来,就只能用来生产一些纸箱纸、纸盒纸等低档纸制品。把一些高档废纸原料浪费掉了。另外,低档纸制品的销售市场、销售量毕竟有限,所以大部分废纸还是要被当成城市垃圾扔掉。
不管是高档纸还是低档纸都是由植物纤维加工出来的。但是,事实上废纸的来源很杂,各个厂家在造纸过程中,要根据各自不同的工艺配方加入许多不同的化学原料,在进一步加工和使用的过程中,还要在纸张上面施胶、覆膜,印刷等等,再加上回收过程中的一些污染,这样的废纸加工成纸浆,杂质比较多,去除也比较困难。所以在制造高档纸的时候,始终把二次纤维的添加比例控制在20%以下,否则就很难保证高档纸的质量了。
废纸回收后经过分类拣选,温水浸涨,被重新打成纸浆。纸浆中的杂质分为两类,一类是沙粒和小石子等比重大的杂质,它会在纸张表面形成空洞和粗糙颗粒;另一类是塑料膜、胶质、尘埃颗粒等比重轻的杂质,造纸要经过高温烘烤,这类杂质一遇到高温就会融化、粘在卷纸轮上,使作业中断。对它们要分别进行筛选净化。
二次纤维的洗澡池--纸浆除渣器。这是重质除渣器,纸浆带着一定的压力沿斜角注入锥形容器,在容器内形成一个往复旋转的涡旋,在离心力和重力作用下,比重大的杂质被甩向涡旋外侧,顺着容器壁不断向下排出,而比重轻的纸浆纤维却从容器上端另一管径排出。
这是轻质除渣器,纸浆从下方注入,在离心力和重力作用下,比重大的二次纤维向外向下运动,从下端被收集起来,比重轻的杂质靠近圆心向上运动,从容器上端排出。
经过多级多段往复除渣,废纸浆终于淘尽尘沙、重现洁白。这项技术把制造高档纸张的二次纤维配比从20%提高到了80%。回收一吨城市废纸可以制造高档再生纸750--800公斤。
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