x+2y-z=11,
①,
2x-y+3z=7,
②,
3x+y+2z=18,
③,
①+②×2,
5x+5z=25,
x+z=5,
④,
②+③,
5x+5z=25,
x+z=5,
⑤,
∵④同⑤,
∴原方程组是三元一次不定方程组。
对于任何一组x,z确定的值,都有确定的y的值,与之对应,
譬如
x=1,
z=4,
y-7,
或者
x=2,
z=3,
y=6,
或者x
=3,
z=2,
y=5,等等
x-z=-2 (1) 2x-2z=-4 (4)
2x-y+3z=-3 (2)
x+y-z=2 (3)
(2)+(3) 3x+2z=-1 (5)
(4)+(5) 5x=-4 x=-1
代入(1) z=1 y=4
3x+2y+5z=2 (1)
x-2y-z=6 (2)
4x+2y-7z=30 (3)
(1)+(2) 4x+4z=8 8x+8z=16 (4)
(2)+(3) 5x-8z=36 (5)
(4)+(5) 13x=52 x=4
代入(4) z=-2 y=0
2x-3y+z=11 (1)
3x+2y-4z=19 (2)
-x+y-z=-2 (3)
(1)+(2)+(3) 4x-4z=28 x-z=7 (4)
(3)*3+(1) -x-2z=5 (5)
(4)+(5) -3z=12 z=-4 x=3 y=-3
3x+2y+5z=2 (1)
x-2y-z=6 (2)
4x+2y-7z=30 (3)
解: (1)+(2)得:4x+4z=8 (4)
( 2)+(3)得:5x-8z=36 (5)
由2*(4)+(5)得:13x=52 , x=4
把x=4代入(4)得:z= -2
把x=4,z= -2,代入(1)得,y=4
所以,x=4,y=4,z= -2.
三元一次方程使用消元法即可,以第一题为例:
x-z=-2,z=x+2
x+y-z=x+y-(x+2)=y-2=2,y=4
2x-y+3z=2x-4+3(x+2)=5x+2=-3,x=-1,z=x+2=1