推荐回答(4个)
第一个吃燕窝的人:印尼中爪哇的沙多罗诺。 在我国文献中,最先记录燕窝者,虽为明朝黄衷之《海语》。然《海语》存世之版本,乃其后人黄学准所增补,故该书有关燕窝一项,是否出自黄衷本人手笔?实无法决定。其次见王世懋之《闽部疏》王氏谓“燕窝菜,竟不辨是何物,漳海边已有之。燕飞渡海中,翮力倦则掷置海面,浮之若杯,身坐其中。久之,复衔以飞。多为海风吹泊山澳,诲人得知以货。大奇大奇!”揣其文义,切未以燕窝为食物,更未知可作食疗珍品。只是作为一种陌生奇货。稍后其同时代之作者屠本畯,在《闽中海错疏》则谓“相传冬月英子衔小鱼入海岛洞中垒窝,明岁春初燕弃窝去,人往取之。”又谓“一说燕于冬月先衔羽毛绸缪洞中,次衔鱼筑室,泥封户牖,伏气于中,气结而成。明春飞去,人以是得之。圆如椰子,须刀去毛.劈片,水洗净可用。”又引《海语》谓“海燕……春回巢于古岩危壁茸垒,乃白海菜也。岛夷何其秋去。以修竿执取而之,谓之海燕窝。随舶至广,贵家宴品珍之,其价翔矣。”屠氏为浙江宁波之博物学家,但对闽地燕窝仍未详细了解,仅较王世懋进一步谓可作“贵家宴品”故彼最后谓“待彼都近海人贸之,而后信也。”即希望与产地人士接触,以明了真相。至万历年间,张燮刊行《东海洋考》一书时.对燕窝的认识更进一步,彼谓“燕食海藻.吐以作巢,依石穴上,伏其卵生雏,故多著毛,夷人梯取之。”又谓“海燕……春回巢于古岩危壁……岛夷伺其秋去,以修竿接铲取而粥之,谓之燕窝,宴品珍之。”并指出当时产燕窝地区有“交址、占城、柬埔寨.及大泥(即吉兰丹)等四处。又从张氏记录中,当时燕窝不只是稀有宴席上珍品,且已经大量由上述地区进口。故当万历十七年(1587)燕窝进口已有陆饷则例,已行抽税。至此,燕窝已成为闽粤人士珍贵食品。故《随园食单》有“燕窝贵物,原不轻用”等语。此外尚屈大钧《广东新语》及谢清高《海录》,对燕窝亦有较详尽记述。据谓燕窝产自丁咖啰、麻六呷、龙牙、新当、乌土、噶喇叭即今之柳城、麻黎、文来及亚英咖三巴郎等址。而《粤海关志》贡舶篇所载产燕窝之地区,亦有噶喇叭、麻六呷、文来、占城等地。即今之马来半岛、印尼.婆罗洲及印度半岛南端,此等地区与郑和第七次下西洋所到之处亦吻合。故日人本田中静在《中国食品事典》一书中,确认燕窝乃郑和在第七次下西洋时带返中土。
燕窝成为珍贵之食品后,经历凡百余年始经试验确定其医疗价值。其疗效首见于清朝汪昂之《本草备要》及张璐之《本经逢原》。汪张二氏为当时著名之临床家、其对燕窝之疗效。乃是经过长时期临床试验而确定。《本草备要》谓“燕窝甘淡平.大养肺阴、化痰止嗽。补而能清,为调理虚劳之圣药。一切病之由于肺虚而不能肃清下行者.用此皆可治之。”《本草逢原》则谓“燕窝……为食品中之最驯良者。惜乎本草不收,方书罕用。令人以之调补虚劳.咳吐红痰.每兼冰糖煮食,往往获效。惟病势初浅者为宜,若阴火方盛.血逆上奔,虽用无济,以其出柔无刚毅之力。”此外《本草从新》及《本草求真》均对燕窝之疗效有所补充,至赵学敏之《本草纲目拾遗》则论述最为详尽。该书尽收明末至清代有关燕窝之资料,集大成于一篇。至此确证燕窝已由一珍贵食物转为一食疗珍品。其疗效有养阴润燥,补中6益气作用。能治虚损。痨瘵、咳嗽、痰喘、咯血、吐血、久痢、久并于疟、噎膈反胃等症。
中国人食用燕窝已有五百年多年的历史,那么谁是中国食用燕窝的第一人呢?
据史书记载,早在郑和下西洋时,远洋船队在海上遇到了大风暴,停泊在马来群岛的一个荒岛处,食物紧缺。他们无意中发现了藏在悬崖峭壁上的燕窝。于是郑和就命令部属采摘,洗净后用清水炖煮,用以充饥。数日后,船员个个脸色红润,中气颇足。回国时,郑和带了一些燕窝献给明成祖。从此,燕窝成了中国人割舍不掉的珍馐补品,郑和也成为中国史料记载中最早食用燕窝的人。
有文字记载可查证,燕窝输运入中国大约在十七世纪后期。据悉,那时候,每年约有12.5万磅约400只燕窝从爪哇的巴达维亚(现称雅加达)运往中国。这与郑和七下西洋的时间和经过的国家是吻合的。不少史学家也认定是郑和将燕窝及东南亚烹食燕窝的方法带入中原。由此可推断,当时的燕窝在中国已相当风行。
史学家林局绅表示,中国第一个吃燕窝的人是明代的航海家三宝太监郑和。
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