1. C6H6 ----HNO3,H2SO4------->C6H5-NO2------Br2, FeBr3------>m-bromo-nitrobenzene-----Mg----->m-nitro-phenyl-Magnesium Bromide -------CO2------>m-nitro-benzoic Acid-------H2,Pd/C----->m-amino-benzoic acid-------NaNO2,HCl, then water, heat-----m-hydroxylbenzoic acid.
2.
RCHO + MeMgBr ----------->RCH(OH)Me-------PCC------------>RC(=O)CH3