so与such都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思,可进行同义改写,但用法不同。
1. so是副词,修饰形容词和副词;而such是形容词,修饰名词。 它们后面都接单数可数名词,但词序不同。
so的词序为:so+adj.+a(an)+n.
such的词序为:such+a(an)+adj.+n.
它们可以表达同样的意思,因此它们可以进行同义改写。
so nice a coat=such a nice coat 这么漂亮的一件外套
so interesting a book=such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本书
注意:后面接复数名词或不可数名词时,只能用such,而不能用so。 例如:
例1:such beautiful flowers 这么美丽的花
例2:such clever children 如此聪明的孩子
但是,复数名词或不可数名词前有many,few,much,little修饰时,只能用so而不能用such,这是一种固定用法。 例如:
例3: so many books 这么多的书
例4: so few people 这么少的人
例5: so much money 那么多的钱
例6: so little milk 那么少的牛奶
2.和that连用时,意思基本一样,但句型结构不同。 so...that...句型结构为:
so+adj.(adv.)+that...
so+adj.+a(an)+单数名词+that...
so+many(few)+复数名词+that...
so+much(little)+不可数名词+that... 例如:
例7:This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 这本书如此有趣,我已经看了三遍。
例8:He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him. 他说得太快,我们都未能听懂他的话。
例9:It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天气很热,谁都不想干活。
例10:There were so many people that we could hardly move on. 这么多人,我们简直无法继续往前走。
such...that...句型结构为:
such+a(an)+adj.+单数名词+that...
such+adj.+复数名词+that...
such+adj.+不可数名词+that... 例如:
例11:She is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her.她是个很可爱的小姑娘,大家都喜欢她。
例12:They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two. 这么可口的蛋糕,我还想再吃两块。
例13:It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it. 这么香的牛奶,我们都想喝。
注意:由于so和such后跟单数可数名词时,可以换用,同样so...that...与such...that...也可以进行同义句改写。 如上文中:This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 可改写成:This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times. It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.可改写成:It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
3.so与that可以直接构成词组so that, 引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句, 表示“以便、以至”的意思。 例如:
例14: He worked hard so that he could pass the
exams.为了能通过考试,他学习很认真。(但such没有这种用法。)
so与such的用法辨析
Such和so都可表示程度,含有“如此、这/那样、这/那么”的意思,但它们在用法上有一定区别,很容易混淆。Such为形容词,一般修饰名词;而so为副词,一般修饰形容词或副词。现将其用法差异归纳如下,供同学们参考。
1. such修饰名词时大致可分以下几种情况:
① such + a/an + 可数名词单数 例如:
All of us have never seen such an animal before. 我们以前从未见过这样一种动物。
He said he would rather be poor than get money in such a way. 他说他宁愿受穷也不愿以这种方法获取钱财。
② such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 例如:
She is such a good teacher just as we expect. 正如我们所料,她是一位好老师。
I really thank you for giving such an exciting party. 我真的要谢谢你举办这样一场激动人心的聚会。
③ such + 可数名词复数 例如:
Such things often happen in our daily life. 这样一些事情在我们日常生活中经常发生。
I don’t think such people are dangerous. 我认为这样的人不危险。
④ such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 例如:
He told us such funny stories that we all couldn’t help laughing. 他讲的故事是如此有趣,以至于我们都忍不住笑起来。
He’s amazed to see such beautiful fishes under the sea. 他很惊讶能在海底看到如此漂亮的鱼。
⑤ such + 不可数名词 例如:
When he knew such news, he began to cry. 当知道这样的消息,他开始哭了。
It’s dangerous to go swimming in such weather. 在这样的天气去游泳是危险的。
⑥ such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 例如:
We are glad to see that he has made such rapid progress in English this term. 我们很高兴看到他这学期在英语上取得如此快的进步。
I’ll remember such delicious food.我会永远记住如此可口的食物。
2. so修饰形容词或副词时一般有以下几种用法:
① so + 形容词/副词 例如:
It’s so cold outside. We’d better wear warm clothes. 外面真冷,我们最好多穿衣服。
He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow. 他说得太快我听不懂。
② so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 例如:
He’s so kind a man that everybody here likes him. 他是如此和蔼的一个人,这儿每个人都喜欢他。
It’s so easy an exercise that every one of us can do it. 这是一道非常容易的题目,我们每个人都会做。
So的这种句式可与上述such的第二种句式换用,但要注意结构的变化。比较:
I’ve never seen so amusing a film. 我从未看过这么有趣的电影。
= I’ve never seen such an amusing film.
③ so + many/much/few/little + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 例如:
There are so many visitors in our school today. 今天我们学校有这么多客人。
I have eaten so much food. I don’t want to eat any more. 我吃了这么多食物,我不想再吃了。
so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。例如:
I feel very happy that I have such a lot of friends. 有这么多朋友我很高兴。
so和such都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思,可进行同义改写。具体用法与区别如下:
一、so是副词,主要用来修饰形容词和副词;such是形容词,用来修饰名词。他们后面接单数可数名词的用法如下:
①so+形容词+a(n)+名词。如:
——She is so diligent a student. 她是个如此勤奋的学生。
②such+a(n)+形容词+名词。如:
——She is such a diligent student. 她是个如此勤奋的学生。
在结果状语从句中,so...that...和such...that...的主要区别在于:so用来修饰形容词或副词,而such用来修饰名词。但两者都表示“如此...,以至于...”如:
——①He was so ill that two nurses attended on him. (他病得那样重,有两个护士照顾他。)
——②He is such a good egg that everyone likes him. (他是一个大好人,个个都喜欢他。)
三、特殊情况
1、如果名词前有表示数量多少的many、much、few、little等修饰词时,只能用so。如:
——①Stress can be the undoing of so many fine players. (紧张可能是这许多优秀选手失败的原因。)
——②Don't make so much fuss over losing a penny. (别为丢了一便士大惊小怪的。)
2、当little表示“小”的意思用来修饰可数名词时,近似于small,这时只能用such。如:
——There were such little children that they couldn't clean the house. (这些孩子那么小,不能打扫房间。)
so为副词,用于修饰形容词和副词;such为形容词,用于修饰名词。单数名词前有不定冠词与形容词时,so和such的位置不同。前者为“so+形容词+冠词+名词”,后者为“such+冠词+形容词+名词”。so后即使有形容词,也不能修饰复数名词或不数名词,而such则可以。当little表示“小”的意思修饰可数名词时,其前只能用such,不能用so。
“so和such都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思,可进行同义改写。具体用法与区别如下: 一、so是副词,主要用来修饰形容词和副词;such是形容词,用来修饰名词。他们后面接单数可数名词的用法如下: ①so+形容词+a(n)+名词。如: ——She is so diligent a ...”