关于定语从句的语法，详细的，谢谢。

http://baike.baidu.com/view/56536.html?wtp=tt

看这里的百度百科,不信还有比这个更详细的~~希望有帮助,里面说的狠完整了,我不懂也这里找的~

定语从句(修饰名词或代词的句子,或者说用作定语的句子) attributive clause
格式: 名词(先行词) + 引导词(which, that, who, whom, whose, , when, where, why) +定语从句

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句:
a. 先行词是人时, 引导词用that/ who, whom, whose, 在从句中作主语时用who, 在句中作宾语时用whom, 表示所有格时用whose.
Eg. This is the man who/ that came this morning.
This is the man whom/ that you called yesterday.
This is the man whose house is near the sea.
注: 在做所有格的时候不能用that代替.

b. 先行词是物时,可用that也可用which, 可在句中作主语,宾语或介词宾语等等.
Eg. This is the film which attracted so many people.
This is the best hotel that I know.
注: that 不能紧跟在介词后面, 但若把介词放在句末, 可以用that, 也可以省略.
Eg. Last week, I visited the village in which you ever lived.
Last week, I visited the village which/ that you ever lived in .

c. 由when, where, why等关系副词引导的定语从句, 先行词是时间, 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.
Eg. Yesterday was the date when/ on which he was born. (at which/ in which)
This is the hotel where/ in which he lived.
This is the reason why/ for which he refused our help.
注: that 代替关系副词, 可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式, 理由的名词后取代when, where, why和 “介词 + which”, 引导定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略.
Eg. His father died that year when / when/ in which he was born.
He is unlikely to find the place where/ that/ in which he lived forty years ago.
注: 表示时间 “time”时只能用when来引导,有时可不用, 也不能用that来引导.

2. 非限制性定语从句
a. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确; 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不会影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,(who, whom, whose, which, as) 例如:
This is the house which we bought last month. (限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. (非限制性)

b. 当先行语是专有名词或物主代词或指示代词所修饰时其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的.
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.

c. which, whom等可以和of或其他介词一起用.
George, with whom I played tennis on Sundays, was kind to everyone.
His house, for which he paid $100,000, is now worth $500,000.

d. which有时不代表一个名词, 而代表前面句子的全部或部分意思, 跟as的用法相似, as一般用于句首, 而which用于句中.
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

e. 关系副词when或where也可引起非限制性定语从句
We’ll have the meeting next week, when the weather may be better.
I’m going to the school, where I’ll have a class.
总结: that跟why不可以引导限制性定语从句

3. 关系代词that的用法:
a. 不用that的情况
1) 在引导非限制性定语从句时
2) 介词后不能用
3) 代词that不能代替whose
4) 在替代关系副词when时,如表示第…次做某事, 不能用that

b. 在某些定语从句中,既可以用that也可以用其他先行词, 在这种情况下,只能用that的情况.
1) 在there be句型中, 只能用that, 不用which.
There are some fruit that I like.
2) 不定代词如anything, nothing, all, both, much, few, any, little, none, some, any ,either many,, neither, .等作先行词时, 只能用that, 不能用which.
You can’t do anything that is harmful to others.
3) 先行词有the only, the very 修饰时, 只用that.
This is the very (正是的) book that I want.
4) 先行词为序数, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that.
It’s the best hotel that I have seen.
5) 先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that.
I’ll never forget the men and the scenery that I saw in that journey.