英语的八大时态都是什么

2024-12-16 05:40:42
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

1. 一般现在时
①一般现在时主要强调事实、经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
②动词be 除第一人称单数用am,第三人称单数用is外,其余一律用are。
③动词have 除第三人称单数用has外,其余一律用have。
④行为动词(实义动词)除第三人称单数外,其余一概与动词原形同形。
⑤动词第三人称单数加s的方法:
1)一般直接在词尾加s: swims, likes, wants
2)以s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的词,在词尾加es: washes, teaches, goes
3)以辅音字母+y结尾的词,先将y变i再加es: studies, flies
⑥动词第三人称单数加s的读音:
1)清辅音后读/s/: likes, helps
2)浊辅音和元音后读/z/: swims, plays
3)/t/后读/ts/: wants, gets
4)/d/后读/dz/: needs, rides
5)以s, x, ch, sh结尾加的es读/iz/: teaches, guesses
⑦句子中常出现频度副词always(总是),often(经常),usually(通常),sometimes(有时),seldom(很少),every day(每天),once a week(每周一次)等。

2. 现在进行时
①现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。
②构成:be(am/is/are)+动词-ing
③动词-ing叫做现在分词,其构成如下:
1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ing: going, asking, looking
2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing: writing, closing, taking
3)以“元音字母+辅音字母”的重读音节结尾的动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing: getting, running, swimming, beginning

3. 一般过去时
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last night, in 1999, two weeks ago等。
②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often, always等表示频度的副词连用。
③规则动词过去式的构成如下:
1)在动词原形末尾+ed: look—looked, play—played
2)结尾是e的动词+d: live—lived, hope—hoped
3)结尾是“元音字母+辅音字母”的重读音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再+ed: stop—stopped, trip—tripped
4)结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变y为i,再+ed: study—studied, carry—carried
④不规则动词要逐一记忆,可参考不规则动词表。

4. 一般将来时
①一般将来时表示将来某一时间的动作或状态。常与tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future等连用。
②由助动词shall(第一人称)/will(第二、三人称)+动词原形构成。
③美国英语则不管什么人称,一律用will。
④“be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事:We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们要开会。
⑤一些动词(go,come,start,move,sail,leave,arrive,stay等)的进行时态可表示近期的计划和打算:I'm leaving for Beijing.我要去北京。
⑥“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见:Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗?

5. 现在完成时
★现在完成时表示到现在为止以前发生的动作或情况,强调其结果对现在的影响。基本构成形式为:has/have+过去分词。
①常和完成时连用的副词和短语:already, yet, just, ever, never, up to now, so far, before today, these days, in the past two years, for two weeks, for a long time, since 1980, since we began to learn English
②for和since
1)for用于过去的一段时间(动词必须是可以延续的)
He has been there for six months.
2)since用于过去的一个确切的时间:since +一段时间+ago;since+一个时间点;since+从句。
He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.
He has stayed here since 3 o’clock.
He has been interested in collecting coins since he was a child.
③already用于肯定句中;yet用于否定句和疑问句中。
He has already visited many places in China.
The train hasn't arrived yet.
Has she arrived yet?
④“have been to”(去过) 和“have gone to”(去了)
He has gone to Beijing.(He is there or is on his way there.)
He has been to Shanghai. (He was there once, but he is not there now.)
⑤短暂性动词通常不能和表示一段的时间状语连用。如:
错:He has died for 3 years.
正:He has been dead for 3 years.
正:He died 3 years ago.
错:How long have you borrowed it?
正:How long have you kept it?
⑥现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1)现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,而一般过去时不强调过去的动作与现在的关系。
I have lost my pen.(强调我现在没有笔)
I lost my pen.(过去笔掉了,没说明现在是否有笔)
2)现在完成时不可和表过去的时间状语连用,但一般过去时可和表过去的时间状语,如和yesterday, last week, three days ago, just now等连用。

6. 现在完成进行时
①现在完成进行时的构成:has/have + been +现在分词。
②表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作,该动作可能仍然在进行。
----How long have you been skating?
----I’ve been skating since nine o’clock.
③在强调动作延续时间的长久时,用现在完成进行时更多一些。
试比较:I've been writing an article.(还在写)我一直在写文章。
I've written an article.(已完成)我已经写过一篇文章。

7. 过去将来时
①过去将来时表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情。
②由would加动词原形构成。
③过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。
He told me he would call me tomorrow.
The teacher wanted to know when you would finish your homework.

8. 过去进行时
①过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
②过去进行时由was(第一、三人称单数)和were(其余人称和数)加现在分词所构成。 ③过去进行时往往须用特定的时间状语来表示。
The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
The girl was shopping when the alien got out.

9. 过去完成时
①过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作,简言之,就是“过去的过去”。
②由助动词had+动词的过去分词构成。
③可表达一个一直延续到过去某一时间的动作。
④可用在间接引语中,以表示直接引语中的现在完成时态。
⑤注意:过去完成时是一个相对的时间概念,它并不能独立地存在,它表示的是在某个特定的过去时间以前所发生的事,离开这个特定的过去时间,就不存在过去完成时,因此不能把它理解为“很早以前的事”。掌握好过去完成时的关键是要特别注意句中动词与动词之间,动词与时间状语之间的先后关系。

回答2:

其实英语共有十六种时态,但我们平时比较常用的只有八种,如下:
1.一般现在时: 主语+do/does(现在分词)
e.g We clean the room every day.
2.一般过去时: 主语+did
e.g We cleaned the room just now.
3.现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are doing
e.g We are cleaning the room now.
4.过去进行时: was/were doing
e.g We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
5.现在完成时: have/has done
e.g.We have cleaned the room already.
6.过去完成时: had done
e.g We had cleaned the room before he arrived.
7.一般将来时: will do/
e.g We will clean the room tomorrow.
8.过去将来时: was/were to /would do
e.g He said he would clean the room next.