罗马古斗兽场的英文简介

1、罗马古斗兽场的英文简介：

Colosseum, formerly known as the Flavian amphitheater, is also translated as the Roman arena and colossim arena. 

It was a place in ancient Roman Empire for slave owners, nobles and free people to watch the fighting of beasts or slaves. 

Built in 72-80 years, it is a symbol of ancient Roman civilization. The site is located in the center of Rome, the capital of Italy, south of Venice Square, near the ancient Roman market. 

In appearance, it is round. When looking down, it's oval. It covers an area of about 20000 square meters, with a long axis of about 188 meters, a short axis of about 156 meters.

a circumference of about 527 meters, and a wall of about 57 meters high. This huge building can accommodate nearly 90000 people.

2、中文释义：

罗马斗兽场，原名弗拉维圆形剧场，又译为罗马角斗场、科洛西姆竞技场。是古罗马帝国专供奴隶主、贵族和自由民观看斗兽或奴隶角斗的地方。

建于72-80年间，是古罗马文明的象征。遗址位于意大利首都罗马市中心，它在威尼斯广场的南面，古罗马市场附近。从外观上看，它呈正圆形。

俯瞰时，它是椭圆形的。它的占地面积约2万平方米，长轴长约为188米，短轴长约为156米，圆周长约527米，围墙高约57米，这座庞大的建筑可以容纳近九万人数的观众。

扩展资料：

罗马斗兽场是在72年，罗马皇帝韦帕芗为庆祝征服耶路撒冷的胜利，而强迫沦为奴隶的八万犹太和阿拉伯俘虏修建而成的。还有一种说法是，将俘虏来的奴隶卖给当地的罗马人。

获得了巨大的收入，从而得以支持斗兽场建造的庞大支出。而真正建造这座建筑的人，更多是拥有相当技艺的建筑师和有专业知识的工人。

围墙共分四层，均有柱式装饰，依次为塔司干柱式、爱奥尼柱式、科林斯柱式和科林斯壁柱式，也就是在古代雅典看到的三种柱式。

科洛西姆斗兽场以宏伟、独特的造型闻名于世。罗马斗兽场是古罗马时期最大的圆形角斗场，建于公元72至80年间由4万名战俘用8年时间建造起来的，现仅存遗迹。 

参考资料来源：百度百科—罗马斗兽场

只抄了古代部分，要看更近的历史去参考资料看吧

The Colosseum or Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is a giant amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome. Originally capable of seating 45,000–50,000 spectators, it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. It was built on a site just east of the Roman Forum, with construction starting between 70 and 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian. The amphitheatre, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire, was completed in 80 AD under Titus, with further modifications being made during Domitian's reign.[1]

The Colosseum remained in use for nearly 500 years with the last recorded games being held there as late as the 6th century — well after the traditional date of the fall of Rome in 476. As well as the traditional gladiatorial games, many other public spectacles were held there, such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building eventually ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such varied purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry and a Christian shrine.

Although it is now in a severely ruined condition due to damage caused by earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum has long been seen as an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome and is one of the finest surviving examples of Roman architecture. It is one of modern Rome's most popular tourist attractions and still has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession to the amphitheatre each Good Friday.

History

Ancient
A map of central Rome during the Roman Empire, with the Colosseum at the upper right corner.Construction of the Colosseum began under the rule of the Emperor Vespasian[1] in around 70–72. The site chosen was a flat area on the floor of a low valley between the Caelian, Esquiline and Palatine Hills, through which a canalised stream ran. By the 2nd century BC the area was densely inhabited. It was devastated by the Great Fire of Rome in AD 64, following which Nero seized much of the area to add to his personal domain. He built the grandiose Domus Aurea on the site, in front of which he created an artificial lake surrounded by pavillions, gardens and porticoes. The existing Aqua Claudia aqueduct was extended to supply water to the area and the gigantic bronze Colossus of Nero was set up nearby at the entrance to the Domus Aurea.[2]

The area was transformed under Vespasian and his successors. Although the Colossus was preserved, much of the Domus Aurea was torn down. The lake was filled in and the land reused as the location for the new Flavian Amphitheatre. Gladiatorial schools and other support buildings were constructed nearby within the former grounds of the Domus Aurea. According to a reconstructed inscription found on the site, "the emperor Vespasian ordered this new amphitheatre to be erected from his general's share of the booty." This is thought to refer to the vast quantity of treasure seized by the Romans following their victory in the Great Jewish Revolt in 70. The Colosseum can be thus interpreted as a great triumphal monument built in the Roman tradition of celebrating great victories.[2] Vespasian's decision to build the Colosseum on the site of Nero's lake can also be seen as a populist gesture of returning to the people an area of the city which Nero had appropriated for his own use. In contrast to many other amphitheatres, which were located on the outskirts of a city, the Colosseum was constructed in the city centre; in effect, placing it both literally and symbolically at the heart of Rome.

The Colosseum had been completed up to the third story by the time of Vespasian's death in 79. The top level was finished and the building inaugurated by his son, Titus, in 80.[1] Dio Cassius recounts that 11,000 wild animals were killed in the one hundred days of celebration which inaugurated the amphitheatre. The building was remodelled further under Vespasian's younger son, the newly-designated Emperor Domitian, who constructed the hypogeum, a series of underground tunnels used to house animals and slaves. He also added a gallery to the top of the Colosseum to increase its seating capacity.

In 217, the Colosseum was badly damaged by a major fire (caused by lightning, according to Dio Cassius[3]) which destroyed the wooden upper levels of the amphitheatre's interior. It was not fully repaired until about 240 and underwent further repairs in 250 or 252 and again in 320. An inscription records the restoration of various parts of the Colosseum under Theodosius II and Valentinian III (reigned 425–450), possibly to repair damage caused by a major earthquake in 443; more work followed in 484 and 508. The arena continued to be used for contests well into the 6th century, with gladiatorial fights last mentioned around 435. Animal hunts continued until at least 523.[2]

Colosseum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Colosseum or Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. It is one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and engineering.

Occupying a site just east of the Roman Forum, its construction started between 70 and 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian and was completed in 80 AD under Titus, with further modifications being made during Domitian's reign (81–96).[1] The name "Amphitheatrum Flavium" derives from both Vespasian's and Titus' family name ("Flavius, from the gens Flavia).

Originally capable of seating around 50,000 spectators, the Colosseum was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. It remained in use for nearly 500 years with the last recorded games being held there as late as the 6th century. As well as the traditional gladiatorial games, many other public spectacles were held there, such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building eventually ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such varied purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry and a Christian shrine.

Although it is now in a ruined condition due to damage caused by earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum has long been seen as an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome. Today it is one of modern Rome's most popular tourist attractions and still has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession to the amphitheatre.

The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent coin.

罗马斗兽场（Colosseum），亦译作罗马大角斗场、罗马竞技场、罗马圆形斗兽场、罗马圆形竞技场、科洛西姆、哥罗塞姆，原名弗莱文圆形剧场（拉丁语：Amphitheatrum Flavium），位于今天的意大利罗马市市中心，是古罗马时期最大的圆形角斗场，建于公元72至82年间，现仅存遗迹。