清明时节雨纷纷,路上行人欲断魂,这首诗表达了作者当时什么样的心情
推荐回答(5个)
首句“清明时节雨纷纷”起笔破题,交代时令与天气,以节令与环境来渲染凄冷的气氛。清明时节,细雨淅沥,春寒料峭,这既是自然背景的描述,又是全篇感情基调的铺垫,暗示了诗人凄冷的物理感受和复杂的心理情绪。
这与宋代李清照《声声慢》开头“寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚”的意境有异曲同工之妙。次句“路上行人欲断魂”,紧承首句意脉,点明诗中主人公的“行人”身份和正在赶路的状态,“欲断魂”三字是此篇的“诗眼”和理解的关键,特别突出了极为沉痛悲伤的心境。
诗中有两个极为重要的关键词往往被忽略:一是“行人”,二是“断魂”。“断魂”是体现全诗情感基调的关键。“魂”即灵魂、精神;“断”即隔断、分离;“断魂”就是精神灵魂离开了人的身体,形容精神恍惚;“欲断”则是接近“断”的边缘而尚未完全“断离”。
作者以“欲断魂”极写心情沉痛的程度之深,昭示全诗情感基调。清明节深厚的文化底蕴饱含着“以人为本”的哲学理念和深切的人文关怀,杜牧《清明》十分典型。
这一天正是清明佳节。诗人阿杜,在行路中间,可巧遇上了雨。 这“纷纷”在此自然毫无疑问是形容那春雨的意境的;可是它又不止是如此而已,它还有一层特殊的作用,那就是,它实际上还在形容着那位雨中行路者的心情。
路上行人欲断魂”。“行人”,是出门在外的行旅之人。在古代风俗中,清明节是个色彩情调都很浓郁的大节日,本该是家人团聚,或游玩观赏,或上坟扫墓;而今行人孤身赶路,触景伤怀,心头的滋味是复杂的。本来,佳节行路之人,已经有不少心事,再加上身在雨丝风片之中,纷纷洒洒,冒雨趱行,那心境更是加倍的凄迷纷乱了。
接着写行人这时涌上心头的一个想法:往哪里找个小酒店泡泡妞才好?事情很明白:寻到一个小酒店,一来歇歇脚,避避雨,二来小饮三杯,找个青楼女子慰问一下,解解料峭中人的春寒,暖暖被雨淋湿的衣服,最要紧的是,借此也就能散散心头的愁绪。于是,向人问路了。
而牧童在此暗寓皮条客,杏花村相传是唐朝青楼最多美妓最多的地方。
清明
(唐)杜 牧
清明时节雨纷纷,
路上行人欲断魂。
借问酒家何处有,
牧童遥指杏花村。
“欲断魂”是说行人被雨打得“狼狈不堪”,欲=“想要...”,不是“想”或“想念”;
断魂 = 现在的口语“魂儿都要掉了”。就古汉语而言, 断魂不等于“死去的人”。
作者也被雨浇了。清明啊,还很冷,故想喝杯酒暖暖身子。就有了下句的“借问酒家...”
这首诗在汉语世界里流传极广,从诗词的艺术高度来说,它无特殊高明的地方,但它来得
自然,可以说是浑然天成,无雕琢痕,这才是作诗最难的地方。当然,我并不是说推敲出
来的“一字千金”不好,如:王安石的“春风又绿江南岸”中绿字,前面曾用了很多其它
的字,如:“过”“掠”等字,最后,还是推敲出个“绿”,果然此绿字成了诗眼,全诗
皆活。但是,推敲是人力可为的,可诗出自然只能偶尔碰到,不是人力所能追求的。
作者当时心想——————【哎呀,人必须有先见之明,瞧,若我今天不带伞,岂不是也如这群人一样疯跑,跟掉了魂儿似的?】
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