林黛玉和薛宝钗,为什么一个叫林姑娘,一个叫宝姑娘?
推荐回答(1个)
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文/夕四少
读红楼,一直都有人纳闷,为什么林黛玉叫林姑娘,而薛宝钗却被叫宝姑娘?按照咱们的生活习惯,应该是薛姑娘才对。而且原文里,林黛玉要么是林姑娘,要么是林丫头,都离不了她的姓,而薛宝钗则是相对的宝姑娘,宝丫头。
我也一直百思不得其解,看了不少人的分析,综合很多人的理解,以及个人的理解,我猜测大致有这样几个原因。
第一个即是满汉之别。红楼梦影射的是清康熙雍正朝故事,自然许多满人的规矩,对于人名的称呼上,汉族的称呼习惯是带着姓,后面怎么称呼看两个人的关系亲疏,不带姓名显得不够尊重。而满人则是去掉姓,直接以名称呼,显得更亲切。林黛玉使用的汉族习惯,薛宝钗使用的满人称呼习惯。与之相同的还有探春被称为探丫头,史湘云被称为云丫头。
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第二个是木石姻缘与金玉良缘的对应关系。林黛玉是绛珠仙草,是草木之人,而林属木,称呼“林姑娘”正好与宝玉组成木石姻缘。同样,薛宝钗被称为“宝姑娘”,宝含玉,从玉,从贝,代指珍贵之物,与宝玉正好组成金玉良缘。日常生活中,贾府上下之人如此称呼二人,其实是曹公在不断暗示宝玉与二人的两端姻缘。
第三个是称呼上的区分。据统计,红楼梦里说到了四百多有名有姓的人物,如果每个人只是简单的从姓上去称呼,则显得单调乏味,亦犯重复之嫌,更何况是宝黛钗凤几大主角。其实曹公是想尽了办法给她们起别号的,比如贾宝玉,其实只是他的小名,大名应该是从玉字旁的字,像贾珍、贾珠、贾琏,因为他们都是玉字辈。比如林黛玉,一进贾府就被贾宝玉起了个“颦儿”的名字,后面有时叫林丫头,有时叫颦丫头,但绝对不会叫黛丫头。很多人该反问了,既然是为了称呼上有所区分,为什么林黛玉不叫黛姑娘,薛宝钗叫薛姑娘呢?这就引出了第四点。
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第四个就是语言习惯。林黛玉叫林姑娘,不觉得有什么不对,但如果叫黛姑娘,是不是觉得很别扭?不是因为先入为主的关系,就是怎么叫都不习惯,如果宝玉再每天左一个黛妹妹,右一个黛妹妹的,是不是更显得可笑?如果叫玉姑娘,玉丫头,也不对。同理,薛宝钗如果不叫宝姑娘,而叫薛姑娘,这个听起来还好,没什么,但如果宝玉每天喊薛姐姐而不是宝姐姐,是不是觉得很生分?但宝玉喊林妹妹就很亲切,这就是语言习惯。宝钗如果叫钗丫头,就觉得别扭。再同理,史湘云被称为云丫头没问题,薛宝琴被称为琴姑娘也没问题,但如果一个被称为湘丫头,一个被称为宝丫头,就不对了,一个听起来别扭,一个与宝钗重复。
综上,几大主角的姓名和日常称呼,其实亦不是曹公随意而来,而是有着很多语言上的讲究。即便是对同一个人容貌形容的描述,曹公也无一处重复。更不要说对十二钗的描述,是各有千秋的,这是曹公高明处,不可不知。
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