猫头鹰,袋鼠,小猴子的生活习性?

2025-02-11 12:22:59
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

猫头鹰是鸮形目夜行性猛禽中部分种类的统称。许多鸮在耳上方有直立的羽簇,像耳或角一样,因此它们的面形似猫,故俗称猫头鹰。鸮形目现有3个科,约24属135种(也有说133种,180余种的)。这些鸮都各有其名,如栗鸮、仓鸮、鹰鸮、雕鸮、倭鸺鹠等等。因此,不能说猫头鹰是哪一种鸟的俗称,也不能说猫头鹰学名是什么什么。鸮形目中有些种类在全世界分布,有些仅存于某些岛屿。所有鸮类均具有相同的体制易于辨认。体长13至70厘米,翅展30至200厘米,多数种体型较小。头大,可向任何方向转动180度以上。眼大,固定在眼眶内,不能动,两眼均向前方。几乎均在夜间活动的鸮其视网膜上仅有杆状细胞,无色视觉。鸮的视觉为双眼视觉,头部从中央平面移开便加强了深度知觉。与一般认为的相反,鸮在白天并非盲目,其瞳孔能极度缩小,夜间视力较人更强。耳四周围以羽毛构成的羽领,其功能为集中声音。耳孔前缘有可活动的耳盖,其功能可能如集中声音的反射板。许多鸮的两侧耳孔开口位置不对称,两耳对频率不同的声音敏感程度不同。因此可同时在两个平面上定位声源。北方的种有厚层绒羽以保温。多数种的飞羽上表面覆以一层茸毛状物,故飞行时无声。羽色各异,少数种羽毛颜色单一,多数种有隐约的条状、点状斑纹,在树皮背景下有保护色作用。鸮几乎见于各种生存环境,从草原、冻原到稠密的林地和雨林。许多种的种群密度主要取决于可利用的营巢领地而不是可能猎取食物的数量。鸮均为食肉性,最常见的猎物为啮齿类,如鼠。小型鸮类食昆虫,鱼鸮属食鱼。猎物被整个吞下,不能消化的部分(如羽毛、皮毛和骨)成团吐出。鸮多为夜行性,但深夜时多不活动,一般在破晓前鸣叫并猎食。常借声音通讯,尤其是交配及保卫领域时。白天它们羽衣紧贴身体,耳羽簇竖起,眼半闭。鸮以树洞、峭壁岩洞等为巢。在草原则营巢于地面。每窝产卵可多至12个,卵近球形。鸮对于防止鼠害有极大作用,猫头鹰的听觉非常灵敏,在伸手不见五指的黑暗环境中,听觉起主要的定位作用。猫头鹰的左右耳是不对称的,左耳道明显比右耳道宽阔,而且左耳有很发达的耳鼓。大部分猫头鹰还生有一簇耳羽,形成像人一样的耳廓。猫头鹰的听觉神经很发达,一个体重只有300nbsp;克的仓鸮约有9.5nbsp;万个听觉神经细胞,而体重600nbsp;克左右的乌鸦却只有2.7nbsp;万个。另外,猫头鹰脸部密集着生的硬羽组成面盘,而这个面盘是很好的声波收集器。猫头鹰硕大的头使两耳之间的距离较大,这可以增强对声波的分辨率。当一只猫头鹰在黑暗的环境中搜索猎物时,它对声音的第一个反应是转头,如同我们在听微小响动时侧耳倾听一样。但是猫头鹰并不是真正地侧耳倾听,它转头的作用是使声波传到左右耳的时间产生差异。当这种时间差增加到30微秒以上时,猫头鹰即可准确分辨声源的方位。猫头鹰一旦判断出猎物的方位,便迅速出击。猫头鹰的羽毛非常柔软,翅膀羽毛上有天鹅绒般密生的羽绒,因而猫头鹰飞行时产生的声波频率小于1nbsp;千赫,而一般哺乳动物的耳朵是感觉不到达么低的频率的。这样无声的出击使猫头鹰的进攻更有“闪电战”的效果。据研究,猫头鹰在扑击猎物时,它的听觉仍起定位作用。它能根据猎物移动时产生的响动,不断调整扑击方向,最后出爪,一举奏效。当然,猫头鹰在捕食中视觉和听党的作用是相辅相成的,它正是在各方面适应夜行生活而成为一个高效的夜间捕猎能手。nbsp;猴是一个俗称。灵长目中很多动物我们都称之为猴。灵长目是哺乳纲的1目。动物界最高等的类群,大脑发达;眼眶朝向前方,眶间距窄;手和脚的趾(指)分开,大拇指灵活,多数能与其他趾(指)对握。包括原猴亚目和猿猴亚目。原猴亚目颜面似狐;无颊囊和臀胼胝;前肢短于后肢,拇指与大趾发达,能与其他指(趾)相对;尾不能卷曲或缺如。猿猴亚目颜面似人;大都具颊囊和臀胼胝;前肢大都长于后肢,大趾有的退化;尾长、有的能卷曲,有的无尾。按区域分布或鼻孔构造,猿猴亚目又分为阔鼻猴组,又称新大陆猴类;狭鼻猴组,又称旧大陆猴类。本目包括11科约51属180种,主要分布于亚洲、非洲和美洲温暖地带。大多栖息林区。灵长类中体型最大的是大猩猩,体重可达275千克,最小的是倭狨,体重只有70克。nbsp;灵长类的大多数头骨具大的颅腔,呈球状,这是由于颌部变短,脸部变扁所致;眶后突发育形成骨质眼环,或全封闭形成眼窝;多数种类鼻子短,其嗅觉次于视觉、触觉和听觉,某些低等种类在脑中具有高度发达的嗅觉中枢,并在很大程度上靠嗅

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