信用证(Letter of Credit,L/C),是指开证银行应申请人(买方)的要求并按其指示向受益人开立的载有一定金额的、在一定的期限内凭符合规定的单据付款的书面保证文件。信用证是国际贸易中最主要、最常用的支付方式。
(1)对信用证本身的说明。如其种类、性质、有效期及到期地点。
(2)对货物的要求。根据合同进行描述。
(3)对运输的要求。
(4)对单据的要求,即货物单据、运输单据、保险单据及其它有关单证。
(5)特殊要求。
(6)开证行对受益人及汇票持有人保证付款的责任文句。
(7)国外来证大多数均加注:“除另有规定外,本证根据国际商会《跟单信用证统一惯例》即国际商会600号出版物 (《ucp600》)办理。”
(8)银行间电汇索偿条款(t/t reimbursement clause)。
信用证格式。目前国际上使用最广泛的信用证为SWIFT信用证,SWIFT信用证是“Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications"(全球银行间金融电讯协会)的简称。该组织于1973年在比利时成立,协会已有209个国家的9000多家银行,证券机构和企业客户参加,通过自动化国际金融电讯网办理成员银行间资金调拨,汇款结算,开立信用证,办理信用证项下的汇票业务和托收等业务。其基本内容如下:
72银行间的备注(Sender to Receiver Information)
注:M/O 为Mandatoryandatory 与Optional的缩写,前者是指必要项目,后者为任意项目。合计次序是本证的页次,共两个数字,前后各一。例如“1/2”,其中2指本证共2页,“1”指本页为第1页。
对已开出的SWIFT信用证进行修改,则需要采用MT707标准格式。其内容如下:
跟单信用证开证MT700
必选 20 DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NUMBER 信用证号码
可选 23 REFERENCE TO PRE-ADVICE 预先通知号码
如果信用证是采取预先通知的方式,该项目内应该填入 PREADV/ ,再加上预先通知的编号或日期。
必选 27 SEQUENCE OF TOTAL 电文页次
可选 31C DATE OF ISSUE 开证日期
如果这项没有填,则开证日期为电文的发送日期。
必选 31D DATE AND PLACE OF EXPIRY 信用证有效期和有效地点
该日期为最后交单的日期。
必选 32B CURRENCY CODE AMOUNT 信用证结算的货币和金额
可选 39A PERCENTAGE CREDIT AMOUNTTOLERANCE 信用证金额上下浮动允许的最大范围
该项目的表示方法较为特殊,数值表示百分比的数值,如:5/5,表示上下浮动最大为5%。39B与39A不能同时出现。
可选 39B MAXIMUM CREDIT AMOUNT 信用证最大限制金额
39B与39A不能同时出现。
可选 39C ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS COVERED 额外金额
表示信用证所涉及的保险费、利息、运费等金额。
必选 40A FORM OF DOCUMENTARY CREDIT 跟单信用证形式
跟单信用证有六种形式:
(1) IRREVOCABLE 不可撤销跟单信用证
(2) REVOCABLE 可撤销跟单信用证
(3) IRREVOCABLE TRANSFERABLE 不可撤销可转让跟单信用证
(4) REVOCABLE TRANSFERABLE 可撤销可转让跟单信用证
(5) IRREVOCABLE STANDBY 不可撤销备用信用证
(6) REVOCABLE STANDBY 可撤销备用信用证
必选 41a AVAILABLE WITH...BY... 指定的有关银行及信用证兑付的方式
1 指定银行作为付款、承兑、议付。
2 兑付的方式有5种:BY PAYMENT 即期付款;BY ACCEPTANCE 远期承兑;BY NEGOTIATION 议付;BY DEF PAYMENT 迟期付款;BY MIXED PAYMENT 混合付款。
3 如果是自由议付信用证,对该信用证的议付地点不做限制,该项目代号为:41D,内容为:ANY BANKIN...
可选 42a DRAWEE 汇票付款人
必须与42C同时出现。
可选 42C DRAFTS AT... 汇票付款日期
必须与42a同时出现。
可选 42M MIXED PAYMENT DETAILS 混合付款条款
可选 42P DEFERRED PAYMENT DETAILS 迟期付款条款
可选 43P PARTIAL SHIPMENTS 分装条款
表示该信用证的货物是否可以分批装运。
可选 43T TRANSSHIPMENT 转运条款
表示该信用证是直接到达,还是通过转运到达。
可选 44A LOADING ONBOARD/DISPATCH/TAKING IN CHARGE AT/FORM 装船、发运和接收监管的地点
可选 44B FOR TRANSPORTATION TO... 货物发运的最终地
可选 44C LATEST DATE OF SHIPMENT 最后装船期
装船的最迟的日期。44C与44D不能同时出现。
可选 44D SHIPMENT PERIOD 船期
44C与44D不能同时出现。
可选 45A DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND/ORSERVICES 货物描述、货物的情况、价格条款。
可选 46A DOCUMENTS REQUIRED 单据要求,各种单据的要求
可选 47A ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS 特别条款
可选 48 PERIOD FOR PRESENTATION 交单期限。表明开立运输单据后多少天内交单。
必选 49 CONFIRMATION INSTRUCTIONS 保兑指示
其中 CONFIRM :要求保兑行保兑该信用证
MAY ADD :收报行可以对该信用证加具保兑。
WITHOUT :不要求收报行保兑该信用证。
必选 50 APPLICANT 信用证开证申请人一般为进口商。
可选 51a APPLICANT BANK 信用证开证的银行
可选 53A REIMBURSEMENT BANK 偿付行
可选 57a ADVISE THROUGH BANK 通知行
必选 59 BENEFICIARY 信用证的受益人一般为出口商。
可选 71B CHARGES 费用情况,表明费用是否有受益人出口商出,如果没有这一条,表示除了议付费、转让费以外,其他各种费用由开出信用证的申请人进口商出。
可选 72 SENDER TO RECEIVER INFORMATION附言
可选 78 INSTRUCTION TO THEPAYING/ACCEPTING/NEGOTIATING BANK
给付款行、承兑行、议付行的指示。
MT707修改信用证代码
必选 21 RECEIVER'S REFERENCE (收报行编号). 发电文的银行不知道收报行的编号是, 填写"NONREF".
可选 23 ISSUINGBANK'S REFERENCE (开证行的号码)
可选 26E NUMBER OFAMENDMENT (修过次数). 该信用证修过的次数, 要求按顺序排列.
可选 30 DATE OFAMENDMENT (修改日期). 如果信用证修改没填这项, 修改日期就是发报日期.
可选 31C DATE OFISSUE (开证日期). 如果这项没有填, 则开证日期为电文的发送日期.
可选 31E NEW DATEOF EXPIRY (信用证新的有效期). 信用证修改的有效期.
可选 32B INCREASEOF DOCUMENTARY CREDIT AMOUNT (信用证金额的增加).
可选 33B DECREASEOF DOCUMENTARY CREDIT AMOUNT (信用证金额的减少).
可选 34B NEWDOCUMENTARY CREDIT AMOUNT AFIER AMENDMENT (信用证修改后的金额).
可选 39A PERCENTAGE CREDITAMOUNT TOLERANCE (信用证金额上下浮动允许的最大范围的修改). 该项目的表示方法较为特殊, 数值表示百分比的数值, 如: 5/5, 表示上下浮动最大为5%.
可选 39B MAXIMUMCREDIT AMOUNT (信用证最大限制金额的修改). 39B 与 39A 不能同时出现.
可选 39C ADDITIONALAMOUNTS COVERED (额外金额的修改). 表示信用证所涉及的保险费、利息、运费等金额的修改.
可选 44A LOADING ONBOARD/DISPATCH/TAKING IN CHARGE AT/FROM (装船、发运和接收监管的地点的修改).
可选 44B FORTRANSPORTATION TO... (货物发运的最终地的修改).
可选 44C LATESTDATE OF SHIPMENT (最后装船期的修改).修改装船的最迟的日期.
可选 44D SHIPMENTPERIOD (装船期的修改). 44C 与 44D 不能同时出现.
可选 52A APPLICANTBANK (信用证开证行).
必选 59 BENEFICIARY(BEFORE THIS AMENDMENT) (信用证的受益人).该项目为原信用证的受益人, 如果要修改信用证的受益人, 则需要在 78 NARRATIVE (修改详述) 中写明.
可选 72 SENDER TORECEIVER INFORMATION (附言).
BENCON/: 要求收报行通知发报行受益人是否接受该信用证的修改.
PHONBEN/: 请电话通知受益人(列出受益人的电话号码).
TELEBEN/: 用快捷有效的电讯方式通知受益人.
可选 78 NARRATIVE (修改详述).
TO:BANK OF CHINA
Beneficiary (full name and address) SANGYONG CORPORATION CPO. BOX 405 SEOUL KOREA
L/C NO. Ex-Card No. Contract No. 97040
Date and place of expiry of the credit SEPT. 28, 1997 KOREA
Partial shipments
O allowed O not allowed
Transshipment
O allowed O not allowed
O Issue by airmail O With brief advice by teletransmission O Issue by express delivery O Issue by teletransmission (which shall be the operative instrument)
Loading on board / dispatch / taking in charge at / from RUSSIAN SEA Not later than SEPT. 13, 1999 for transportation to DALIAN PORT, CHINA
Amount (both in figures and words) USD1,146,725.04(SAY U.S. DOLLARS ONE MILLION ONE HUNDRED AND FORTH SIX THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND TWENTY FIVE CENTS FOUR ONLY)
Description of goods:
FROZEN YELLOWFIN SOLE WHOLE ROUND (WITH WHITE BELLY) USD770/MT CFR DALIAN TOTAL QUANTITY: 500MT SPE CIF ICATIONS AND PACKING CONDITIONS ARE AS PER ATTACHMENT TO THIS APPLICATION
Credit available with O by sight payment O by acceptance O by negotiation O by deferred payment at against the documents detailed herein O and beneficiary’s draft for 100 % of the invoice value at 45 days after sight on BANK OF CHINA LIAONING BRANCH
O FOB O or other terms O CFR O CIF
Documents required: (marked with x)
(X) Signed Commercial Invoice in 5 copies indicating invoice no., contract no.
(X) Full set of clean on board ocean Bills of Lading made out to order and blank endorsed, marked "freight ( ) to collect / (X) prepaid ( ) showing freight amount" notifying LIAO NING OCEAN FISHING CO., LTD. TEL: (86)411-3680000
( ) Air Waybills showing "freight ( ) to collect / ( ) prepaid ( ) indicating freight amount" and consigned to _________.
( ) Memorandum issued by _________________ consigned to __________
(X) Insurance Policy / Certificate in 3 copies for 110 % of the invoice value showing claims payable in China in currency of the draft, bank endorsed, covering ( ) Ocean Marine Transportation / ( ) Air Transportation / ( ) Over Land Transportation) All Risks, War Risks.
(X) Packing List / Weight Memo in 4 copies indicating quantity / gross and net weights of each package and packing conditions as called for by the L/C.
(X) Certificate of Quantity / Weight in 2 copies issued an independent surveyor at the loading port, indicating the actual surveyed quantity / weight of shipped goods as well as the packing condition.
(X) Certificate of Quality in 3 copies issued by ( ) manufacturer / (X) public recognized surveyor / ( )
(X) Beneficiary’s certified copy of FAX dispatched to the accountees with 3 days after shipment advising (X) name of vessel / (X) date, quantity, weight and value of shipment.
( ) Beneficiary’s Certificate certifying that extra copies of the documents have been dispatched according to the contract terms.
( ) Shipping Co’s Certificate attesting that the carrying vessel is chartered or booked by accountee or their shipping agents:
(X) Other documents, if any: a) Certificate of Origin in 3 copies issued by authorized institution. b) Certificate of Health in 3 copies issued by authorized institution.
Additional instructions:
(X) All banking charges outside the opening bank are for beneficiary’s account.
(X) Documents must be presented with 15 days after the date of issuance of the transport documents but within the validity of this credit.
( ) Third party as shipper is not acceptable. Short Form / Blank Back B/L is not acceptable.
(X) Both quantity and amount 10 % more or less are allowed.
( ) prepaid freight drawn in excess of L/C amount is acceptable against presentation of original charges voucher issued by Shipping Co. / Air line / or it’s agent.
( ) All documents to be forwarded in one cover, unless otherwise stated above.
(X) Other terms, if any: Advising bank: KOREA EXCHANGE BANK, SEOUL, KOREA.
Account No.: Transacted by:
(Applicant: name, signature of authorized person)
去你的开征银行,他给你样板,根据你要求做一些调整后再给开证银行确认。
放心银行的人会很帮你,但是咱自己也得都懂得条款内容。
信用证不是自己随便写的,如果你要开立信用证的话,你的开证银行自然会给你提供格式范本。