推荐回答(4个)
中国京剧四大名旦的称谓最早是由1921年天津《大风报》创刊号提出来的,后来在"首届京剧旦角最佳演员"活动中,梅兰芳、程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生当选了京剧四大名旦。同时这四位也是中国京剧旦角行当中四大艺术流派的创始人。
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梅兰芳是四大名旦之首,名澜,字畹华,别署缀玉轩主人,艺名兰芳,生于梨园世家,8岁学戏,9岁拜吴菱仙为师学青衣,10岁登台。20世纪30年代,梅兰芳继承并发展了梅巧玲的梅派艺术。通过不断地努力,梅兰芳融合青衣、花旦、刀马旦行当为一炉,创造出一种新的表演形式和唱腔,称为“梅派”。梅兰芳是中国旦角创艺立派的第一人,是当之无愧的京剧表演艺术大师。当时《顺天时报》将梅兰芳选为"伶界大王",梅派对后世影响很大。
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程砚秋,字御霜,初名程菊侬,后改为程砚秋,满洲正黄旗人。程砚秋在京剧表演中眼神、身段、步法、指法、水袖、剑术等方面有自己独特的见解,他注重戏剧情节和人物情绪的发展变化,表演细致认真,恪守音韵规律,并结合自己的嗓音特点,创造出了一种婉转多变唱腔风格,形成“程派”。程派中的角色,多风雅娴静,清峻出尘,讲究美感。
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尚小云,名德泉,字绮霞,早年其青衣戏十分出色,被公认为“青衣正宗”。尚小云中气充沛、调门高劲圆亮,故有“铁嗓钢喉”之誉。由他创立的尚派,讲究文武并重、歌舞兼长、清新英爽、洒脱大方。1962年,尚小云在山东讲学,《我赴山东教学的讲稿》中留下了他对京剧艺术基本原理的分析和总结,颇多精辟之论。其中,尚小云明确指出五法即口、手、眼、身、步,为京剧表演五法之首。尚小云是程砚秋以外唯一如此明确、系统阐述的京剧艺术大师。
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荀慧生,字慧声,号留香,原名秉超,后改名秉彝,又改名为荀慧生,艺名白牡丹,是中国京剧荀派的创始人,与杨小楼、尚小云、潭小培一起称为“三小一白”。荀慧注重道白艺术,要求表演者吐字清晰,声情并貌,他擅长上滑下滑的装饰音,韵调俏丽轻盈。1952年荀慧生荣获第一届戏曲观摩大会老艺术家表演奖。
京剧的四大名角分别指梅、尚、程、荀:
梅兰芳(1894年-1961年),名澜,又名鹤鸣,乳名裙姊,字畹华,别署缀玉轩主人,艺名兰芳。祖籍江苏泰州,清光绪二十年出生在北京的一个梨园世家,是中国近代杰出的京昆旦行表演艺术家,举世闻名的中国戏曲艺术大师。
尚小云(1900年1月7日-1976年4月19日),原名尚德泉,字绮霞,祖籍河北南宫,京剧四大名旦之一,是中国具有深远影响的京剧表演艺术大师,中国现代京剧代表人物之一,尚派艺术的创始人。
程砚秋(1904-1958),男,满族,京剧旦角,四大名旦之一,程派艺术的创始人。程砚秋原名承麟,满族索绰罗氏,内务府正白旗人。北京人,后改为汉姓程,初名程菊侬,后改艳秋,字玉霜。1932年起更名砚秋,改字御霜。
荀慧生(1900~1968)男,伟大的京剧旦角表演艺术家,荀派艺术的创始人。祖籍河北东光,初名秉超,后改名秉彝,又改名“词”,字慧声,1925年与余叔岩合演《打渔杀家》起改名为荀慧生,号留香,艺名白牡丹。
京剧四大名旦,一般而言是指民国十六年(1927年)由北京《顺天时报》评选出的梅兰芳、程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生、徐碧云五位著名的京剧旦角中的前四位。徐碧云虽然当时也是极为著名的旦角演员,但是后来的成就远不及梅尚程荀,故而其名不为人知。
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ꀀ农民3333,4,5,6,7,10,10,AAAA,地主999,JJ,对鬼,不准三带二,农民先出
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