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畜禽饲养业中的每一项工作完成得好不好,受着许多因素的制约。对这些因素,考虑周密,未雨绸缪,处理得当,则工作成功率高;否则,便低。本文拟对影响畜禽免疫、人工育黄、应用尿素等三项工作成败的因素之一“禁用某些饲料、饲添和药物”做些叙述,供从事此三项工作的同志们参考。一、畜禽免疫期间应禁用的饲添及药物(一)对免疫应答有抑制或破坏作用的饲添或药物 1、氯霉素:据朱瑞良等报导,氯霉素有对免疫器官呈现损害和抑制的作用,主要表现在使法氏囊滤泡皮质变薄、髓质疏松、淋巴细胞消失;使胸腺皮质、髓质界限失常等。 2、庆大霉素:据朱瑞良等报导,庆大霉素对某些菌苗或疫苗的免疫力,在前期有较强的抑制作用,可使抗体产生拖后5—10天。据曲折报导,用Ⅱ系疫苗加庆大霉素给1日龄雏鸡喷雾免疫,结果保护率为零。 3、敌菌净:其抑制免疫的机制与庆大霉素近似,而强度则超过之。 4、痢特灵:对某些菌苗或疫苗抗体峰值产生的抑制天数与庆大霉素相同,对免疫后的补体水平有降低作用。 5、喹乙醇:对雏鸡大肠杆菌凝集抗体的产生,在前期有较强的抑制作用;对新城疫Lasota弱毒苗HI 抗体的产生,有中等抑制作用。 6、鸡宝—20:对免疫后的补体水平有降低作用;对新城疫Lasota弱毒苗抗体的产生,有强于喹乙醇的抑制作用。 7、孕酮:据张德福等报导,孕酮可使T 淋巴细胞机能发生变化,活性受到抑制。 8、环磷酰胺:据乔贵林等报导,环磷酰胺有抑制B淋巴细胞分泌抗体造成免疫力低下的作用。 9、皮质激素类药物:如可的松、氢化可的松等。有抑制免疫活性细胞的生成、抑制免疫细胞的活性,及影响免疫器官的发育等作用。 10、抗球虫类药物:莫能菌素、盐霉素、克球粉有较强的抑制免疫力作用;氨丙啉、尼卡巴嗪有中等强度的抑制免疫力作用。(二)有抗菌作用的饲添或药物在用活菌苗免疫期间(灭活菌苗不在此限),为使菌苗中的活菌不被杀灭,更好地诱发免疫力,应避免应用有抗菌作用的饲添或药物。畜禽常用活菌菌苗及抗菌饲添和药物如下: 1、畜禽常用活菌菌苗:如禽出败弱毒菌苗、禽霍乱807弱毒苗、禽霍乱731弱毒苗、布氏杆菌19号菌苗、布氏杆菌猪型二号菌苗、布氏杆菌羊型5号菌苗、猪丹毒弱毒活菌苗、BCG等。 2、有抗菌作用的饲添或药物:如病必灵、先锋杀星、链霉素、新霉素、北里霉素、呼泰、猪喘平、禽泰宁、强力米先、康利得、特效米先、泰乐素、治百炎、高力米先、禽康米先、支原净、抗敌素、超霸米先、抗菌王、菌得净、菌必治、百病消、呋喃唑酮等西药;以及金银花、连翘、蒲公英、地丁、黄芩、黄连、黄柏、龙胆草、穿心莲、白头翁、知母、栀子、板兰根、大青叶、桉叶、草河车、半枝莲、金荞麦等抗菌力较强的中草药。(三)有抗病毒作用的饲添或药物在用活毒疫苗免疫期间(灭活疫苗不在此限),为使疫苗中的生活病毒不被杀灭,更好地诱发免疫力,应避免应用对病毒有抑制或灭活作用的饲添或药物。畜禽常用活病毒疫苗及有抗病毒作用的饲添及药物如下: 1、畜禽常用活病毒疫苗:如鸡新城疫Ⅱ系弱毒疫苗、鸡传支活苗、鸡新城疫—传支二联活苗、法氏囊病中等毒力活菌、鸡传染性脑脊髓炎活苗、鸡痘鹌鹑化弱毒疫苗、鸭瘟鸡胚化弱毒疫苗。猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗、猪水泡病活疫苗、羊痘鸡胚化弱毒疫苗、口蹄疫A型鼠化鸡胚化弱毒疫苗、兽用冻干乙型脑炎活疫苗等。 2、有抗病毒作用的饲添和药物:①化学药品:如病毒灵、病毒唑、特效米先、康利得、米先—10、TOFR 、华辰喘康、四环素、金霉素等。②单味中草药:如金银花、黄芩、黄连、连翘、紫花地丁、穿心莲、板兰根、大青叶、青黛、鱼腥草、紫草、贯众、菊花、柴胡、茵陈、虎杖、射干等。③中草药复合制剂:如根瘟灵、克瘟灵、禽瘟王、禽瘟毒灵、克马灵、喉毒灵、板囊煎、鸡痘灵、囊痘灵等。 http://sannong.cuncun8.com/index.php?ctl=sannong&act=newspage&id=122773
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