推荐回答(5个)
抒发壮心未遂、时光虚掷、功业难成的悲愤之气,表达了自己的爱国热情至老不移,渴望施展抱负。
《书愤》是南宋诗人陆游创作的一首七言律诗,原文为:
早岁那知世事艰,中原北望气如山。
楼船夜雪瓜洲渡,铁马秋风大散关。
塞上长城空自许,镜中衰鬓已先斑。
出师一表真名世,千载谁堪伯仲间!
译文:
年轻时就立志北伐中原, 哪想到竟然是如此艰难。我常常北望那中原大地, 热血沸腾啊怨气如山啊。
记得在瓜州渡痛击金兵, 雪夜里飞奔着楼船战舰。秋风中跨战马纵横驰骋, 收复了大散关捷报频传。
想当初我自比万里长城, 立壮志为祖国扫除边患。到如今垂垂老鬓发如霜, 盼北伐盼恢复都成空谈。
不由人缅怀那诸葛孔明, 出师表真可谓名不虚传,有谁像诸葛亮鞠躬尽瘁, 率三军复汉室北定中原!
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扩展资料
创作背景:
宋孝宗淳熙十三年(1186)春陆游居家乡山阴时所作。陆游时年六十有一,这已是时不待我的年龄,然而诗人被黜,罢官已六年,挂着一个空衔在故乡蛰居。感于世事多艰,小人误国而无地效孤忠,于是诗人郁愤之情便喷薄而出。
文学赏析:
全诗紧扣住一“愤”字,可分为两部分。前半叙述早年决心收复失地的壮志雄心,后半感叹时不再来,壮志难酬。
“早岁那知世事艰,中原北望气如山。”诗人开篇一自问,问出几多郁愤。
“楼船”与“夜雪”,“铁马”与“秋风”,意象两两相合,便有两幅开阔、壮盛的战场画卷。意象选取甚为干净、典型。
“塞上长城空自许,镜中衰鬓已先斑。”岁月不居,壮岁已逝,志未酬而鬓先斑,这在赤心为国的诗人是日夜为之痛心疾首的。
然而,如今诗人壮志未酬的苦闷全悬于一个“空”字。大志落空,奋斗落空,一切落空,而揽镜自照,却是衰鬓先斑,皓首皤皤。两相比照,满是悲怆。这一结局,非诗人不尽志所致,非诗人不尽力所致,而是小人误人,世事磨人。作者有心而天不予,悲怆便为郁愤。
诗人在现实里找不到安慰,便只好将渴求慰藉的灵魂放到未来,这自然是无奈之举。而诗人一腔郁愤也就只好倾泄于这无奈了。
通过诸葛亮的典故,追慕先贤的业绩,表明自己的爱国热情至老不移,渴望效法诸葛亮,施展抱负。回看整首诗歌,可见句句是愤,字字是愤。以愤而为诗,诗便尽是愤。
参考资料来源:百度百科-书愤
表达了诗人从早年豪迈到晚年 的悲愤,概括了一生的心事和抱负,洋溢燥热的爱国热情和满膛的悲愤。
歌颂诸葛亮上表北伐的业绩来反衬自己不能收复失地的郁闷与悲哀,和对收复沦陷河山的渴望。因为两位作者的生活环境不一样嘛,杜甫是在安史之乱中颠沛流离,因此希望能有诸葛亮这样的忠臣能臣重整河山,陆游则是由于南宋偏安一隅,不思北伐收复失地带来的愤懑与报国无门的无奈
借物喻人:描写事物,突出其特点,并以此设喻,表现作者高尚的思想情操 我赞美坚贞的松柏,我赞美勇斗西风的篱菊,我赞美莲花的傲视污泥,
表达了诗人从早年豪迈到晚年 的悲愤,概括了一生的心事和抱负
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