推荐回答(5个)
身体相对于竹竿是在运动,可是手掌相对于竹竿却是静止的.身体之所以向上运动,是因为手掌不断向上够竹竿,利用静摩擦力抓住竹竿,同时用手臂的力量把身体向上拉.身体相对于竹竿是在上升,但手掌相对于竹竿却有下滑的趋势.
所以你错就错在没有以手为分析对象.
而且 运动物体一定受滑动摩擦力的观点是错误的
确切的说是人的手受的是静摩擦力。滑动摩擦力受力物体必须运动,而人的手在抓住竹竿时并没有动,因此是静摩擦力。人是向上运动,但是这不是竹竿给手的力让人向上走,而是人的肌肉发力让人向上的,手只是起到了支点的作用,保证人不掉下去。如果你双手握住竖直的竹竿而不向上爬,手也不用力,是不是要掉下去?这时你就由于重力的作用而向下掉。你会手紧握住竹竿让自己不掉下去,这时就受力平衡了,你的重力等于静摩擦力,静摩擦力方向向上。运动趋势是向下的,具体分析和上一段一样。摩擦力是与运动趋势相反,而不是和运动方向相反!运动趋势不等于运动方向。
其实这是把问题简化的做法,实际情况是:
静摩擦力没有做功,真正做功的是人自身的肌肉.
静摩擦力的作用是阻止人因重力而向下滑的趋势.
这里的静摩擦力也可以是滑动摩擦力,不过方向仍然向上,实际例子就是:
一个人在一个比较"滑"的柱子上向上攀(所谓的走三步退两步)
这实际上是摩擦力和人肌肉共同作用的结果,为了简化过程,解题方便,就出现了"理想情况":人用双手握住竖直的竹竿匀速攀上,所受的摩擦力是向上,和重力相等
1)二者应该不能同时存在吧.因为滑动摩擦力是在滑动时产生的,而静摩擦力是在静止时才能具有的.二者共存的条件应该不存在吧.
2)这时并没有滑动摩擦力存在.人在匀速攀上时,双手与竹竿接触,而手并未滑动,只是在交替运动,因而不存在滑动摩擦力.
3)尽管人是向上运动,但人在静止的那一瞬,由于重力作用,会使人产生向下运动的趋势,而手与竹竿之间存在静摩擦,二力达到平衡,使人处于静止状态,而不滑下,以致于让双手完成交替动作,如同双脚一样,站稳了才能行走.人的运动趋势向下因而静摩擦力向下.
来仔细听好 我交给你几个常用的判断摩擦力性质和方向的办法 滑动摩擦力比较简单 记住根相对运动刚向相反就行 强调相对 一定是相对于接触面的运动 对于静摩擦力 可以运用摩擦力充当的性质来判断 看看摩擦力充当动力还是阻力 比如你这个 显然是充当的动力 没摩擦你就爬不上去 手滑你能爬上去吗 充当动力就得与运动方向相同另外就是与相对运动趋势方向相反 判断相对运动趋势我们可利用假设法 假装没有这个摩擦力 物体必然要跑 跑的方向就是相对运动趋势方向 跑的方向不难判断 就是结合物体受其他力情况 你这个 你受格重力 受个摩擦力 没摩擦就要掉下去 所以相对运动趋势向下 静摩擦力向上 之所以是静摩擦 说明你抓得较紧 手于竿没有相对滑动 要是出噜了 那就是滑动摩擦 呵呵
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